Objectives

Pain causal attribution is the attribution of pain causes to self or others, which may depend on one's choice of actions. The study aimed to examine how the cognitive processes of pain causal attribution as one aspect of the sense of agency change in healthy individuals based on free or forced choice, using a temporal binding (TB) experimental task.

Methods

Participants pressed keys (action) in a combined TB task, with one key having a high probability of delivering pain (with tone). In fact, only the bias between the free-choice and the forced choice conditions was manipulated. Participants estimated the time between their action and tone, with shorter intervals indicating internal attribution.

Results

Interval estimation was significantly longer in the forced-choice condition than in the free-choice condition when a pain stimulus was delivered.

Conclusions

Explicit complaints of pain being caused by others may be represented in implicit cognitive processes.

中文翻译：

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我不是造成这种痛苦的原因：一项关于在不可预测的情况下因果归因的认知过程的实验研究，无论负面结果如何

 目标

疼痛因果归因是将疼痛原因归因于自己或他人，这可能取决于一个人的行为选择。该研究旨在利用时间结合（TB）实验任务，研究健康个体中疼痛因果归因的认知过程作为代理感的一个方面如何基于自由或强迫选择而变化。

 方法

参与者在一项组合结核病任务中按下按键（动作），其中一个按键很有可能产生疼痛（带有音调）。事实上，只有自由选择和强制选择条件之间的偏差被操纵。参与者估计他们的动作和语气之间的时间，较短的时间间隔表明内部归因。

 结果

当传递疼痛刺激时，强制选择条件下的间隔估计明显长于自由选择条件下。

 结论

对他人造成的疼痛的明确抱怨可能会表现为内隐的认知过程。