Executive function (EF) abilities have been linked to numerous important life outcomes. We longitudinally characterized EF and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) trajectories across adolescence (initial ages 8–19). Utilizing 3 years of annual data in 99 youth collected between years 2016 and 2020 (70.7% White, 40 females), we examined how age, puberty, and ADHD symptom burden related to EF across time. Age and puberty levels interacted to predict EF such that older youth with higher puberty had lower EF. While EF and ADHD significantly predicted each other, cross-lagged panel models revealed that earlier EF predicted later ADHD burden while controlling for baseline ADHD burden, but not vice versa. These findings inform our understanding of the dynamics between EF and mental health in adolescence.

中文翻译：

---

执行功能能力、注意力缺陷/多动障碍和青春期青春期的纵向检查


执行功能（EF）能力与许多重要的生活结果相关。我们纵向描述了青春期（最初年龄 8-19 岁）的 EF 和注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 轨迹。利用 2016 年至 2020 年间收集的 99 名青少年（70.7% 白人，40 名女性）3 年的年度数据，我们研究了年龄、青春期和 ADHD 症状负担与 EF 随时间变化的关系。年龄和青春期水平相互作用来预测 EF，因此青春期较高的年长青少年的 EF 较低。虽然 EF 和 ADHD 显着地相互预测，但交叉滞后面板模型显示，早期 EF 预测后来的 ADHD 负担，同时控制基线 ADHD 负担，但反之则不然。这些发现让我们了解 EF 与青春期心理健康之间的动态关系。