Artificial intelligence (AI) is not only increasingly being used in business and administration contexts, but a race for its regulation is also underway, with the European Union (EU) spearheading the efforts. Contrary to existing literature, this article suggests that the most far-reaching and effective EU rules for AI applications in the digital economy will not be contained in the proposed AI Act, but in the Digital Markets Act (DMA). We analyse the impact of the DMA and related EU acts on AI models and underlying data across four key areas: disclosure requirements; the regulation of AI training data; access rules; and the regime for fair rankings. We demonstrate that fairness, under the DMA, goes beyond traditionally protected categories of non-discrimination law on which scholarship at the intersection of AI and law has focused on. Rather, we draw on competition law and the FRAND criteria known from intellectual property law to interpret and refine the DMA provisions on fair rankings. Moreover, we show how, based on Court of Justice of the European Union jurisprudence, a coherent interpretation of the concept of non-discrimination in both traditional non-discrimination and competition law may be found. The final section sketches out proposals for a comprehensive framework of transparency, access and fairness under the DMA and beyond.

人工智能 (AI) 不仅越来越多地应用于商业和管理环境，而且其监管竞赛也在展开，其中欧盟 (EU) 是带头努力的。与现有文献相反，本文认为，欧盟在数字经济中应用人工智能最深远、最有效的规则不会包含在拟议的《人工智能法案》中，而是包含在《数字市场法案》（DMA）中。我们分析了 DMA 和相关欧盟法案对人工智能模型和基础数据在四个关键领域的影响：披露要求；人工智能训练数据的监管；访问规则；以及公平排名制度。我们证明，DMA 下的公平超越了人工智能和法律交叉领域的学术关注的传统非歧视法保护类别。相反，我们借鉴竞争法和知识产权法中已知的 FRAND 标准来解释和完善 DMA 关于公平排名的规定。此外，我们还展示了如何根据欧盟法院的判例，在传统非歧视法和竞争法中找到对非歧视概念的连贯解释。最后一部分概述了 DMA 及其他领域的透明度、准入性和公平性综合框架的建议。