Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the incidence is increasing, highlighting the need for effective strategies to treat this disease. Exercise has emerged as fundamental therapeutic medicine in the management of cancer, associated with a lower risk of recurrence and increased survival. Several avenues of research demonstrate reduction in growth, proliferation, and increased apoptosis of cancer cells, including breast, prostate, colorectal, and lung cancer, when cultured by serum collected after exercise in vitro (i.e., the cultivation of cancer cell lines in an experimental setting, which simplifies the biological system and provides mechanistic insight into cell responses). The underlying mechanisms of exercise-induced cancer suppressive effects may be attributed to the alteration in circulating factors, such as skeletal muscle-induced cytokines (i.e., myokines) and hormones. However, exercise-induced tumor suppressive effects and detailed information about training interventions are not well investigated, constraining more precise application of exercise medicine within clinical oncology. To date, it remains unclear what role different training modes (i.e., resistance and aerobic training) as well as volume and intensity have on exercise-conditioned serum and its effects on cancer cells. Nevertheless, the available evidence is that a single bout of aerobic training at moderate to vigorous intensity has cancer suppressive effects, while for chronic training interventions, exercise volume appears to be an influential candidate driving cancer inhibitory effects regardless of training mode. Insights for future research investigating training modes, volume and intensity are provided to further our understanding of the effects of exercise-conditioned serum on cancer cells.

癌症是全世界发病和死亡的主要原因，而且发病率正在增加，突出表明需要有效的策略来治疗这种疾病。运动已成为癌症治疗的基本治疗药物，与降低复发风险和提高生存率相关。多种研究表明，当用体外运动后收集的血清进行培养时（即在实验中培养癌细胞系），癌细胞（包括乳腺癌、前列腺癌、结直肠癌和肺癌）的生长、增殖减少并增加凋亡。设置，简化了生物系统并提供了对细胞反应的机制洞察）。运动诱导的癌症抑制作用的潜在机制可能归因于循环因子的改变，例如骨骼肌诱导的细胞因子（即肌因子）和激素。然而，运动引起的肿瘤抑制作用和有关训练干预的详细信息尚未得到充分研究，限制了运动医学在临床肿瘤学中更精确的应用。迄今为止，尚不清楚不同的训练模式（即抗阻和有氧训练）以及训练量和强度对运动条件血清及其对癌细胞的影响有何作用。然而，现有证据表明，单次中等至高强度的有氧训练具有抑制癌症的效果，而对于长期训练干预来说，无论训练模式如何，运动量似乎都是推动癌症抑制效果的一个有影响力的候选者。为未来研究训练模式、训练量和强度提供了见解，以进一步了解运动条件血清对癌细胞的影响。