Mustard seeds have been used since ancient times contributing great economic value to global agriculture. Canada, one of the world's top producers, grows three main mustard varieties, white /yellow, (Brassica hirta/Sinapis alba), black (Brassica nigra) and Oriental (Brassica juncea). Besides their high protein and lipid content, mustard varieties are a rich source of phenolic compounds. This review will cover mustard seed components including lipids, glucosinolates, and sinapates. The latter are the main phenolic compounds in mustard and include sinapine, sinapic acid and its conversion to canolol. The important bioactivities associated with mustard phenolics, has led to efforts to improve the methods for their extraction. The use of green technology is crucial for producing these phenolics while minimizing any detrimental effects to the environment. The important antioxidant and anticancer activities of these phenolics will also be reviewed.

中文翻译：

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芥菜籽酚类物质的组成、加工效果及其生物活性研究进展

芥菜籽自古以来就被使用，为全球农业贡献了巨大的经济价值。加拿大是世界上最大的芥菜生产国之一，种植三种主要芥菜品种：白芥菜/黄芥菜（Brassica hirta / Sinapis alba）、黑芥菜（Brassica nigra）和东方芥菜（Brassica juncea）。除了蛋白质和脂质含量高之外，芥菜品种还是酚类化合物的丰富来源。本综述将涵盖芥菜籽成分，包括脂质、芥子油苷和芥子酸。后者是芥末中的主要酚类化合物，包括芥子碱、芥子酸及其转化为菜籽油的转化物。芥末酚类物质具有重要的生物活性，因此人们努力改进其提取方法。使用绿色技术对于生产这些酚类物质同时最大限度地减少对环境的不利影响至关重要。还将回顾这些酚类物质的重要抗氧化和抗癌活性。