T follicular helper (Tfh) cells specialize in helping B cells and are therefore critical contributors to the generation of humoral immunity. Tfh cells aid immunoglobulin class-switch recombination and support the germinal center response, thereby promoting immunoglobulin affinity maturation and the generation of humoral immune memory. Although their primary function is to promote B cell responses, Tfh cells also display phenotypic and functional diversity determined by the immunological and spatial contexts from which they emerge. We review recent advances in understanding the heterogeneity within Tfh cell subsets along with their differentiation and migratory trajectory, the phenotypes they adopt, their ontological relationships with one another, and their function in their respective environments.

中文翻译：

---

滤泡辅助 T 细胞异质性


滤泡辅助 T (Tfh) 细胞专门帮助 B 细胞，因此是体液免疫生成的关键贡献者。 Tfh细胞有助于免疫球蛋白类别转换重组并支持生发中心反应，从而促进免疫球蛋白亲和力成熟和体液免疫记忆的产生。尽管 Tfh 细胞的主要功能是促进 B 细胞反应，但它们也表现出由它们产生的免疫学和空间背景决定的表型和功能多样性。我们回顾了理解 Tfh 细胞亚群内异质性的最新进展，以及它们的分化和迁移轨迹、它们采用的表型、它们彼此之间的本体论关系以及它们在各自环境中的功能。