This study applies a hierarchical clustering approach to identify social enterprise models that have appeared in a setting of public sector-led incubation. Within such a context, a high degree of conformity ought to be apparent due to the coercive isomorphic pressures associated with public sector patronage. We nominate South Korea for our analysis, given that the rising number of social enterprises in the country is closely related to a regulatory intervention. Based on an analysis of 468 social enterprises, we find, contrary to expectations, that distinct clusters of government-certified social enterprises have emerged, namely social utility niche, job outsourcing, market opportunity, and integrated balanced models. We typologize these models according to their strategic orientation, mission focus, and institutional alignment. In doing so, we contribute to social enterprise research by illustrating how organizational pluralism may manifest when the growth of a population of social enterprises is directly linked to public sector intervention and regulation.

本研究采用层次聚类方法来识别公共部门主导的孵化环境中出现的社会企业模式。在这样的背景下，由于与公共部门赞助相关的强制性同构压力，高度的整合应该是显而易见的。我们提名韩国进行分析，因为该国社会企业数量的增加与监管干预密切相关。基于对468家社会企业的分析，我们发现，与预期相反，政府认证的社会企业出现了不同的集群，即社会效用利基、就业外包、市场机会和综合平衡模式。我们根据这些模型的战略方向、任务重点和机构一致性对它们进行分类。在此过程中，我们通过说明当社会企业数量的增长与公共部门干预和监管直接相关时组织多元化如何体现，为社会企业研究做出了贡献。