INTRODUCTION The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of folic acid (FA) on withdrawal following nicotine (Nic) administration in adolescent male rats. METHODS Adolescent male rats were divided into two groups: 1) vehicle and 2)Nic (Nic-2mg/kg), and were under the treatment from 21 to 42 days of age. After that, they continued the experiment without treatment and returned to a regular diet, except for one of those who received Nic. The rats were divided into four groups where they were treated with different doses of FA (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg) and bupropion (Bup) by oral gavage, and the final group included normal rats that received only FA (15mg/kg) from 42 days of age for three weeks during which withdrawal occurred. RESULTS Results showed that adolescent Nic exposure exacerbated the behavioral indices of anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, while FA attenuated the effects of Nic withdrawal on anxiety and depression as well as Bup. In support, the biochemical results demonstrated a balance between oxidant and antioxidant mediators in addition to increase and decrease of serotonin and monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in cortical tissue. TNF-α as an inflammatory agent was decreased, whereas IL-10 as an anti-inflammatory parameter was increased. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest anxiety and depression caused by Nic withdrawal were attenuated by FA more likely through reduction activity of MAO, the important enzyme responsible for serotonin metabolism along with balance between oxidant/anti-oxidant and pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory mediators. However, various mechanisms might be involved, which requires further investigation. IMPLICATIONS Nic withdrawal induced depression and anxiety like behavior in rats followed by neuro-oxidative damage and neuro-inflammation. Folic acid supplementation as well as bupropion improved cognitive disorders induced by Nic withdrawal by increasing neuro-inflammation, neuro-oxidative damage.

中文翻译：

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叶酸通过恢复青春期雄性大鼠的行为和生化改变，改善尼古丁戒断引起的焦虑和抑郁样行为。

引言本研究旨在评估叶酸（FA）对青春期雄性大鼠服用尼古丁（Nic）后戒断的功效。方法将青春期雄性大鼠分为两组：1）媒介物组和2）Nic组（Nic-2mg/kg），并在21至42日龄期间接受治疗。之后，除了其中一名接受 Nic 治疗的人外，他们在没有治疗的情况下继续实验，并恢复正常饮食。将大鼠分为四组，通过口服灌胃给予不同剂量的FA（5、10和15mg/kg）和安非他酮（Bup），最后一组包括仅接受FA（15mg/kg）的正常大鼠。 kg）从42日龄起持续三周，在此期间发生戒断。结果结果显示，青少年接触 Nic 会加剧焦虑和抑郁样行为的行为指数，而 FA 则减弱 Nic 戒断对焦虑和抑郁以及 Bup 的影响。作为支持，生化结果表明，除了皮质组织中血清素和单胺氧化酶（MAO）活性的增加和减少外，氧化剂和抗氧化介质之间还存在平衡。作为炎症因子的 TNF-α 减少，而作为抗炎参数的 IL-10 增加。结论 目前的研究结果表明，FA 更有可能通过降低 MAO 的活性来减轻 Nic 戒断引起的焦虑和抑郁，MAO 是负责血清素代谢以及氧化剂/抗氧化剂和促炎/抗炎介质之间平衡的重要酶。然而，可能涉及多种机制，需要进一步研究。影响 Nic 戒断会引起大鼠抑郁和焦虑样行为，进而导致神经氧化损伤和神经炎症。补充叶酸和安非他酮可通过增加神经炎症和神经氧化损伤来改善 Nic 戒断引起的认知障碍。