Plasma of COVID-19 patients contains a strong metabolomic/lipoproteomic signature, revealed by the NMR analysis of a cohort of >500 patients sampled during various waves of COVID-19 infection, corresponding to the spread of different variants, and having different vaccination status. This composite signature highlights common traits of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The most dysregulated molecules display concentration trends that scale with disease severity and might serve as prognostic markers for fatal events. Metabolomics evidence is then used as input data for a sex-specific multi-organ metabolic model. This reconstruction provides a comprehensive view of the impact of COVID-19 on the entire human metabolism. The human (male and female) metabolic network is strongly impacted by the disease to an extent dictated by its severity. A marked metabolic reprogramming at the level of many organs indicates an increase in the generic energetic demand of the organism following infection. Sex-specific modulation of immune response is also suggested.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19：一种具有独特代谢特征的复杂疾病。

对在不同的 COVID-19 感染浪潮中采样的超过 500 名患者进行的 NMR 分析显示，COVID-19 患者的血浆含有强烈的代谢组学/脂蛋白组学特征，对应于不同变种的传播，并具有不同的疫苗接种状态。该复合特征突出了 SARS-CoV-2 感染的共同特征。最失调的分子显示出与疾病严重程度成比例的浓度趋势，并可能作为致命事件的预后标志物。然后，代谢组学证据被用作性别特异性多器官代谢模型的输入数据。这种重建提供了关于 COVID-19 对整个人类新陈代谢的影响的全面视图。人类（男性和女性）代谢网络受到该疾病的强烈影响，其影响程度取决于其严重程度。许多器官水平上显着的代谢重编程表明感染后生物体的一般能量需求增加。还提出了免疫反应的性别特异性调节。