Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) of the cervix are rare, aggressive malignancies that are challenging to diagnose and treat. They are high-grade lesions that often share features with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. NECs are classified into large-cell or small-cell subtypes but can often have a mixed appearance or occur concurrently with a squamous or adenocarcinoma. Diagnosis is dependent on tissue sampling, histomorphology, and immunohistochemistry. Eight cases of NEC were retrieved from the Department of Pathology at our institution from 2008 to 2022. Tumor slides were reviewed and evaluated by 2 independent pathologists. Seven of 8 patients tested positive for neuroendocrine markers, including CD56, synaptophysin, and chromogranin. We discuss the diagnostic challenges, review the histopathology, and describe the treatment courses and clinical outcomes. This case series reveals that traditional markers, such as p16, p63, and p40, may be focally positive in NEC and should not be considered a confirmation of squamous cell carcinoma. Patient outcomes can be affected by delays in diagnosis, misdiagnosis, and inadequate treatment when NEC is not considered in the initial differential diagnosis.

中文翻译：

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宫颈神经内分泌癌的诊断挑战和长期结果：病例系列。

宫颈神经内分泌癌 (NEC) 是一种罕见的侵袭性恶性肿瘤，诊断和治疗具有挑战性。它们是高级别病变，通常与低分化腺癌和鳞状细胞癌具有共同特征。NEC 分为大细胞亚型或小细胞亚型，但通常具有混合外观或与鳞状细胞癌或腺癌同时发生。诊断取决于组织取样、组织形态学和免疫组织化学。2008年至2022年，我院病理科检索了8例NEC病例。肿瘤切片由2名独立病理学家进行审查和评估。8 名患者中有 7 名神经内分泌标记物检测呈阳性，包括 CD56、突触素和嗜铬粒蛋白。我们讨论诊断挑战，回顾组织病理学，并描述治疗过程和临床结果。该病例系列揭示了传统标志物，如 p16、p63 和 p40，在 NEC 中可能呈局灶性阳性，不应被视为鳞状细胞癌的确诊。当最初的鉴别诊断中未考虑 NEC 时，患者的治疗结果可能会因诊断延迟、误诊和治疗不充分而受到影响。