Abstract

Most of the heat that is released in the vertebrate body is produced in the muscles during contractile (during movement or trembling) and noncontractile (without muscle activity) thermogenesis. Contractile thermogenesis is characteristic of all vertebrates, but it is not able to maintain a constantly high body temperature in animals. The main idea discussed in this article and based on a large number of publications of recent years is as follows: the main biochemical basis of warm-bloodedness in vertebrates is part of the cycle of contraction–relaxation of striated skeletal muscles, in which the act of muscle contraction somehow falls out, and the energy that should have been used for it is dissipated in the form of heat. This noncontractile thermogenesis, which is able to support the regional and general endothermy in vertebrates, can be considered the real biochemical basis of warm-bloodedness. Thus, the presence of skeletal muscles in all vertebrates and the common biochemical foundations of the contraction–relaxation cycle represent a single preadaptive property of the manifestation of noncontractile thermogenesis in all vertebrates, starting with fish, which is a basis for the evolution of warm-bloodedness. Therefore, the modern data that the first terrestrial vertebrates were most likely animals with high levels of both metabolism and body temperature are quite understandable and not surprising.

中文翻译：

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脊椎动物温血进化中非收缩产热的预适应性

摘要

脊椎动物体内释放的大部分热量是在收缩（运动或颤抖期间）和非收缩（没有肌肉活动）产热过程中在肌肉中产生的。收缩产热是所有脊椎动物的特征，但它不能维持动物持续的高体温。本文基于近年来大量出版物讨论的主要观点如下：脊椎动物温血性的主要生化基础是横纹骨骼肌收缩-舒张循环的一部分，其中肌肉收缩的能量不知何故消失了，本应用于肌肉收缩的能量以热量的形式消散了。这种非收缩性产热能够支持脊椎动物的局部和全身吸热，可以被认为是温血的真正生化基础。因此，所有脊椎动物中骨骼肌的存在以及收缩-舒张循环的共同生化基础代表了所有脊椎动物中非收缩产热表现的单一预适应特性，从鱼类开始，这是温热进化的基础。血性。因此，现代数据表明，最早的陆生脊椎动物很可能是新陈代谢和体温水平都很高的动物，这是可以理解的，并不令人惊讶。