A better understanding of age-related differences in judgment and decision making is important from both theoretical and applied perspectives. In this review, we focus on value-based decisions across adulthood and specifically on how loss aversion (a relatively stronger weight of losses than gains on decisions) and the relative motivational impact of gains and losses may change with aging. In doing so, we will also cover recent findings about the effects of gain or loss incentives on performance in cognitive tasks that involve attention, learning, and remembering. We point out open questions and critical moderating variables for future theorizing and research.

从理论和应用的角度来看，更好地理解判断和决策中与年龄相关的差异都很重要。在这篇综述中，我们关注整个成年期基于价值的决策，特别是损失厌恶（损失的权重比决策中的收益相对更强）以及收益和损失的相对动机影响如何随着年龄的增长而变化。在此过程中，我们还将介绍有关获得或损失激励对涉及注意力、学习和记忆的认知任务表现的影响的最新发现。我们为未来的理论和研究指出了悬而未决的问题和关键的调节变量。