Objective

To determine if maternal height in nulliparous women influences pregnancy results in twin pregnancies.

Material and methods

Retrospective cohort analysis evaluating twin pregnancies followed at Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, between 1995 and 2020. Of the 2900 pregnancies followed in that period, 886 nulliparous women with dichorionic twin pregnancies were selected. Two groups were considered: A - maternal height <163 cm (<Q2) (n = 436) and B - maternal height ≥167 cm (≥Q3) (n = 234), The following results were compared: Age, body mass index (BMI), premature contractions, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, gestational age at birth, delivery <28, <32, <34, < 36, ≥37 weeks (wks), average weight of newborns, very low birth weight, low birth weight, cesarean section rate, stillbirths, five minute Apgar score, neonatal death and perinatal death.

Result(s)

PTB rates decreased along increasing maternal height. The comparison between group A and group B revealed no statistically significant differences in maternal characteristics (age, mode of conception - spontaneous or ART pregnancies, or BMI). Statistically significant differences were found in mean gestational age at birth (35.1 ± 1.8 vs. 36.0 ± 2.6 wks), PTB rates < 32, 34 and 36 wks, OR: 3.2, 2.3 and 2.4 respectively, p < 0.01. Shorter women had a 1.7× and 2.6× increased risk for significantly low (<2500 g) and very low (<1500 g) newborn birth weight (BW), respectively, and a 40 % increased risk of Cesarian delivery. No significant differences were shown with respect to stillbirths, neonatal and perinatal deaths, which had a low incidence in this study. In ART pregnancies we found the same results regarding PTB rates and newborn birthweight in shorter women. In Logistic Regression analysis, maternal height <Q2 is an independent risk factor for PTB under 32, 34 and 36 wks, adjusted OR: 2.0. 2.2 and 2.4, respectively, 95 % CI 1.1–3.7, p = 0.021.

Conclusion

Increased pregnancy risk in nulliparous shorter women should be taken into consideration in double embryo transfers.

中文翻译：

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身材矮小的未产妇早产双胞胎的风险较高

客观的

确定未产妇的母亲身高是否影响双胎妊娠的妊娠结果。

材料与方法

回顾性队列分析评估了 1995 年至 2020 年间在里斯本中央大学中心医院进行的双胎妊娠情况。在此期间进行的 2900 例妊娠中，选择了 886 名双绒毛膜双胎妊娠的未产妇。考虑两组：A - 产妇身高<163 cm（<Q2）（n  = 436）和B - 产妇身高≥167 cm（≥Q3）（n  = 234），比较以下结果：年龄、体重指数(BMI)、早搏、胎膜早破(PROM)、高血压、妊娠糖尿病、出生孕周、分娩<28、<32、<34、<36、≥37 周 (wks)、新生儿平均体重、极低出生体重、低出生体重、剖宫产率、死产、五分钟阿普加评分、新生儿死亡和围产儿死亡。

结果）

PTB率随着母亲身高的增加而下降。A 组和 B 组之间的比较显示，母亲特征（年龄、受孕方式 - 自然妊娠或 ART 妊娠，或 BMI）没有统计学上的显着差异。出生时平均孕龄（35.1 ± 1.8 与 36.0 ± 2.6 周）、PTB 率 < 32、34 和 36 周，OR：分别为 3.2、2.3 和 2.4，p < 0.01 存在统计学显着差异 。身材矮小的女性新生儿出生体重 (BW) 显着低 (<2500 g) 和极低 (<1500 g) 的风险分别增加 1.7 倍和 2.6 倍，剖腹产风险增加 40%。死产、新生儿和围产期死亡没有显着差异，在本研究中死产、新生儿和围产期死亡的发生率较低。在 ART 妊娠中，我们发现矮个子女性的 PTB 率和新生儿出生体重也有相同的结果。在Logistic回归分析中，母亲身高<Q2是32、34和36周以下PTB的独立危险因素，调整OR：2.0。分别为 2.2 和 2.4，95% CI 1.1–3.7，p  = 0.021。

结论

双胚胎移植时应考虑到未生育过的身材矮小的女性怀孕风险增加的情况。