Open communication with parents, defined as perceived ease of adolescent-parent disclosure, and family support are components of positive family functioning linked with fewer adolescent internalizing symptoms. However, relatively little is known about bidirectional pathways over time. Even less is known about bidirectional pathways for Hispanic adolescents or about the role of adolescent and parent gender. Therefore, this study examined bidirectional pathways between positive family functioning and adolescent internalizing symptoms over time in a sample of Hispanic middle school adolescents (N = 340; 51% female, Mage = 13.27 years, SD = .77), who completed surveys in the fall of 2016 (Time 1) and the spring of 2017 (Time 2; N = 284; 52% female). Results indicated that positive family functioning, including open communication with mothers and fathers, predicted fewer depressive symptoms for girls, but not for boys. Open communication with fathers predicted fewer anxiety symptoms for girls and boys. Girls' depressive symptoms, but not boys', predicted decreases in open communication with fathers. Boys' depressive symptoms predicted less family support. Unexpectedly, boys' anxiety symptoms predicted increased family support. These findings highlight gendered pathways linking family functioning and internalizing symptoms in Hispanic adolescents over time, including the relative importance of open communication with fathers. Gendered findings emphasize the utility of family-based prevention and early intervention programs targeting internalizing symptoms, especially for Hispanic girls. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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西班牙裔青少年的内化症状和积极的家庭功能：随着时间的推移对关联的双向检查。

与父母的开放式沟通（定义为青少年与父母之间的信息披露的容易程度）和家庭支持是积极家庭功能的组成部分，与较少的青少年内化症状相关。然而，随着时间的推移，人们对双向路径知之甚少。人们对西班牙裔青少年的双向途径或青少年和父母性别的作用知之甚少。因此，本研究以西班牙裔中学青少年为样本（N = 340；51% 女性，Mage = 13.27 岁，SD = 0.77），研究了随着时间的推移，积极的家庭功能与青少年内化症状之间的双向路径，这些青少年在2016 年秋季（时间 1）和 2017 年春季（时间 2；N = 284；52% 女性）。结果表明，积极的家庭功能，包括与父母的坦诚沟通，可以预测女孩的抑郁症状较少，但男孩的抑郁症状则不然。与父亲的坦诚交流预示着男孩和女孩的焦虑症状会减少。女孩的抑郁症状（而非男孩的抑郁症状）预示着与父亲的公开交流会减少。男孩的抑郁症状预示着家庭支持会减少。出乎意料的是，男孩的焦虑症状预示着家庭支持的增加。这些发现强调了随着时间的推移，将拉美裔青少年的家庭功能和内化症状联系起来的性别途径，包括与父亲开放沟通的相对重要性。性别研究结果强调了以家庭为基础的预防和针对内化症状的早期干预计划的效用，特别是对于西班牙裔女孩。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。