INTRODUCTION This study aimed to assess whether two established psychosocial predictors of smoking abstinence, nicotine dependence and time discounting, also apply to a population of predominantly cigarette light smokers, which is the dominant pattern of smoking in countries like Mexico. Relatively infrequent smoking is increasingly prevalent, yet still harmful, making it important to understand the predictors of cessation in this population. METHODS Mexican adult smokers recruited from an online consumer panel were surveyed every four months between November 2018-July 2020. We considered respondents who reported a quit attempt in between surveys (n=1,288). Dependence was measured with a 10-item version of the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence (WISDM). Time discounting was assessed with five branching questions about hypothetical reward scenarios. Logistic models regressed sustained quit attempts (≥30 days of abstinence) at time t+1 on study variables at time t. RESULTS We found strong inter-item reliability (α=0.92) and intra-individual consistency of our brief WISDM (ρ=0.68), but moderate intra-individual consistency of the time-discounting measure (ρ=0.48). 48% of the sample reported sustained quit attempts, and 79% were non-daily or light daily smokers (<=5 cigarettes per day). Smokers with higher WISDM-10 had lower odds of sustained quitting and this result remained when controlling for smoking frequency and the Heaviness of Smoking Index (AOR=0.768). Time-discounting was unassociated with sustained quitting. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a brief, 10-item multidimensional measure of dependence is useful for predicting sustained quitting in a context of relatively light smoking; time-discounting appears less relevant, although our results are not conclusive due to the low test-retest reliability of our measure. IMPLICATIONS Given the increase in non-daily and light daily cigarette smoking in many countries, including in Mexico, and the health risks this still poses, it is important to understand the predictors of cessation among relatively light smokers. The WISDM-10 multidimensional measure seems to be a good instrument to assess dependence and predict successful quitting in this population, and possibly more appropriate than physical dependence measures. As such, it could help design and target more suitable cessation treatments for non-daily and daily light cigarette smokers. While this study did not find time discounting to be a relevant predictor of smoking abstinence, future studies should explore other measures.

中文翻译：

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吸烟依赖、时间折扣和持续戒烟行为：对主要是轻度吸烟者的纵向研究。

简介 本研究旨在评估两个既定的戒烟心理社会预测因素——尼古丁依赖和时间折扣——是否也适用于以少量卷烟为主的人群，这是墨西哥等国家的主要吸烟模式。相对不频繁的吸烟越来越普遍，但仍然有害，因此了解该人群戒烟的预测因素非常重要。方法 2018 年 11 月至 2020 年 7 月期间，每四个月对从在线消费者小组招募的墨西哥成年吸烟者进行一次调查。我们考虑了在调查期间报告尝试戒烟的受访者 (n=1,288)。依赖性通过包含 10 项的威斯康星州吸烟依赖性清单 (WISDM) 进行测量。通过关于假设奖励场景的五个分支问题来评估时间折扣。逻辑模型对时间 t 时的研究变量在时间 t+1 时的持续戒烟尝试（≥30 天的戒烟）进行回归。结果我们发现我们的简短 WISDM 具有很强的项目间可靠性（α = 0.92）和个体内一致性（ρ = 0.68），但时间贴现测量的个体内一致性中等（ρ = 0.48）。48% 的样本报告称持续尝试戒烟，79% 为非每日吸烟者或每日轻度吸烟者（每天 <= 5 支香烟）。WISDM-10 较高的吸烟者持续戒烟的几率较低，并且在控制吸烟频率和吸烟重度指数（AOR=0.768）时，这一结果仍然存在。时间折扣与持续戒烟无关。结论 我们的研究结果表明，简短的 10 项多维依赖测量对于预测吸烟量相对较少的情况下的持续戒烟很有用。尽管由于我们的措施的重测可靠性较低，我们的结果并不具有决定性，但时间折扣似乎不太相关。影响 鉴于包括墨西哥在内的许多国家非日常吸烟和日常少量吸烟的情况有所增加，以及这仍然构成的健康风险，了解相对少量吸烟者戒烟的预测因素非常重要。WISDM-10 多维测量似乎是评估该人群的依赖性和预测成功戒烟的良好工具，并且可能比身体依赖性测量更合适。因此，它可以帮助为非日常和日常轻度吸烟者设计和定位更合适的戒烟治疗。虽然这项研究没有发现时间折扣是戒烟的相关预测因素，但未来的研究应该探索其他措施。