PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to develop an Italian version of the Revised Brief Diabetes Knowledge Test (DKT2), providing a cultural and linguistic validation supported by psychometrics and hypotheses testing. METHODS This multimethods study was divided into 4 phases: (a) cultural-linguistic validation, with a translation and back-translation process; (b) confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) considering the original scale's structure (knowledge and insulin-specific knowledge); (c) criterion validity via hypotheses testing; and (d) cross-group measurement invariance. The internal consistency reliability was assessed by the Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 (KR-20) of the overall scale. RESULTS A total of 251 patients and 251 caregivers were enrolled. The CFA showed good goodness of fit for both patients and caregivers. The tested hypotheses supported criterion validity in both groups. Reliability was adequate: All KR-20 values in both groups and domains were higher than 0.60. The mean percentage of knowledge score on DKT2 was lower for patients than caregivers. CONCLUSION The DKT2 is a valid and reliable scale to assess overall knowledge of diabetes, considering its role in promoting appropriate self-care behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The Italian version of DKT2 demonstrated reliability and validity, and it can be used by researchers and diabetes care and education specialists to assess a patient's or population's overall knowledge of diabetes.

中文翻译：

---

修订后的简短糖尿病知识测试 (DKT2) 在 2 型糖尿病患者及其护理人员中的跨文化适应和验证。

目的本研究的目的是开发意大利语版本的修订版糖尿病知识简短测试（DKT2），提供由心理测量学和假设测试支持的文化和语言验证。方法 这项多方法研究分为 4 个阶段： (a) 文化语言验证，包括翻译和回译过程；(b) 考虑原始量表结构（知识和胰岛素特定知识）的验证性因素分析（CFA）；(c) 通过假设检验的标准有效性；(d) 跨组测量不变性。整体量表的内部一致性信度采用Kuder-Richardson Formula 20（KR-20）进行评估。结果 共有 251 名患者和 251 名护理人员入组。CFA 对患者和护理人员显示出良好的拟合度。测试的假设支持两组的标准有效性。可靠性足够：两个组和域中的所有 KR-20 值均高于 0.60。患者的 DKT2 知识得分平均百分比低于护理人员。结论 考虑到 DKT2 在促进 2 型糖尿病患者适当的自我护理行为方面的作用，DKT2 是评估糖尿病整体知识的有效且可靠的量表。意大利版本的 DKT2 证明了可靠性和有效性，研究人员和糖尿病护理和教育专家可以使用它来评估患者或人群对糖尿病的整体知识。