Studies have shown that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) affects various cells, systems, and organs in vivo and in vitro. PM2.5 adversely affects human health through mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammatory response, autophagy, ferroptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Phytochemicals are of interest for their broad range of physiological activities and few side effects, and, in recent years, they have been widely used to mitigate the adverse effects caused by PM2.5 exposure. In this review, the roles of various phytochemicals are summarized, including those of polyphenols, carotenoids, organic sulfur compounds, and saponin compounds, in mitigating PM2.5-induced adverse reactions through different molecular mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms, inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and ferroptosis, and regulation of autophagy. These are useful as a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of disease caused by PM2.5.

中文翻译：

---

植物化学物质降低PM2.5毒性：研究进展综述。

研究表明，接触细颗粒物（PM2.5）会影响体内和体外的各种细胞、系统和器官。PM2.5通过氧化应激、炎症反应、自噬、铁死亡和内质网应激等机制对人类健康产生不利影响。植物化学物质因其广泛的生理活性和很少的副作用而备受关注，近年来，它们已被广泛用于减轻 PM2.5 暴露引起的不利影响。本文总结了各种植物化学物质，包括多酚、类胡萝卜素、有机硫化合物和皂苷化合物，通过不同的分子机制减轻 PM2.5 引起的不良反应，包括抗炎和抗氧化机制、抑制作用等。内质网应激和铁死亡以及自噬的调节。这些为预防和治疗PM2.5引起的疾病提供了科学依据。