Reflective smartphone disengagement (i.e., deliberate actions to self-regulate when and how one should use one's smartphone) has become a necessary skill in our ever-connected lives, contributing to a healthy balance of related benefits and harms. However, disengaging from one's smartphone might compete with impulsive psychosocial motivators such as fear of missing out (FoMO) on others' rewarding experiences or feelings of loneliness. To shed light into these competitive processes, the present paper disentangles the reciprocal, over-time relationships between reflective smartphone disengagement, FoMO, and loneliness using data from a two-wave panel study among emerging adults (16-21 years of age). Measurement-invariant structural equation modeling suggests that FoMO and reflective smartphone disengagement negatively predict each other over time, indicating a possible spiraling process. In addition, reflective smartphone disengagement was also negatively related to feelings of loneliness. Together, these findings underline (a) how young people's impulsive and reflective system compete with each other over control of their smartphone usage, where (b) psychosocial benefits of reflective smartphone disengagement were validated among emerging adults, potentially helping them to strengthen the benefits and limit the harms of permanent interactions with and through technology.

中文翻译：

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对错过的恐惧、反思性智能手机的脱离以及青少年晚期的孤独感。

反思性的智能手机脱离（即，有意识地自我调节何时以及如何使用智能手机）已成为我们日益互联的生活中的一项必要技能，有助于实现相关利益和危害的健康平衡。然而，脱离智能手机可能会与冲动的心理社会动机相竞争，例如害怕错过他人有益的经历或孤独感。为了阐明这些竞争过程，本文利用针对新兴成年人（16-21 岁）进行的两波小组研究的数据，理清了反思性智能手机脱离、FoMO 和孤独感之间的相互的、长期的关系。测量不变的结构方程模型表明，随着时间的推移，FoMO 和反射式智能手机脱离会相互预测，这表明可能存在螺旋式上升的过程。此外，反思性智能手机脱离也与孤独感呈负相关。总之，这些发现强调了（a）年轻人的冲动和反思系统如何相互竞争对智能手机使用的控制，其中（b）反思性智能手机脱离的心理社会益处在新兴成年人中得到了验证，可能有助于他们加强收益和限制与技术以及通过技术进行永久交互的危害。