Heat stress adversely affects sows' performance, which can be improved by applying proper nutritional strategies. This study was conducted to investigate the interactive effects of dietary fiber levels and sources on sows' reproductive performance, metabolic response during gestation, and the carry-over influence on litter performance in the lactation period during heat stress (average room temperature of 27.1 °C). Fifty-four multiparous sows (Landrace × Yorkshire; initial body weight of 236.3 ± 16 kg; 2, 3 and 4 parities) at d 90 of gestation were assigned to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (9 sows/treatment), involving 2 dietary fiber levels (4.5% and 6% crude fiber) and 3 dietary fiber sources (wheat bran [WB], palm kernel meal [PK], and beet pulp [BP]). Sows fed the BP diet had highest ( < 0.01) feed intake and constipation index and lowest ( < 0.01) farrowing duration. Piglet weight ( = 0.041) and litter weight ( < 0.01) at weaning were higher in sows in the BP treatment compared to PK treatment. Sows in the BP treatment showed the greatest ( < 0.01) digestibility of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber. The fecal concentration of acetate was the lowest ( < 0.01) in the PK treatment. Total short-chain fatty acid production was increased in the WB and BP treatments compared with the PK. Sows in the BP treatment showed the lowest ( = 0.036) hair cortisol. The blood insulin concentration of sows was higher ( = 0.026) in the high fiber (6%) treatment compared with the low fiber (4.5%) treatment at 90 min and 120 min after the meal. The concentration of phthalic acid, succinic acid, phenylethylamine, hydrocinnamic acid, iron, linoleic acid, glycerol, ketone, and formamide were increased ( < 0.05) in the BP treatment compared with the WB. The BP treatment with high soluble fiber content improved the constipation index, farrowing duration, and litter performance, while high insoluble fibers increased sows comfort and reduced stress factors including respiratory rate and rectal temperature. Therefore, both soluble and insoluble sources of fiber are necessary to be added to the diet of gestating sows.

中文翻译：

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妊娠后期在高环境温度下母猪日粮中补充可溶性和不溶性纤维的重要性及其对泌乳性能的影响

热应激会对母猪的生产性能产生不利影响，这可以通过采用适当的营养策略来改善。本研究旨在调查膳食纤维水平和来源对母猪繁殖性能、妊娠期代谢反应的交互影响，以及热应激（平均室温 27.1 °C）对哺乳期仔猪性能的残留影响。 ）。将妊娠第 90 天的 54 头经产母猪（长白×约克夏；初始体重 236.3 ± 16 kg；2、3 和 4 胎）分配至 2 × 3 因子排列（9 头母猪/处理），涉及 2 个日粮纤维水平（4.5% 和 6% 粗纤维）和 3 种膳食纤维来源（麦麸 [WB]、棕榈仁粉 [PK] 和甜菜浆 [BP]）。饲喂 BP 日粮的母猪采食量和便秘指数最高 (< 0.01)，而分娩持续时间最低 (< 0.01)。与 PK 处理相比，BP 处理的母猪断奶时的仔猪重量 ( = 0.041) 和窝重 ( < 0.01) 更高。 BP处理中的母猪对粗蛋白和中性洗涤纤维的消化率最高（<0.01）。 PK处理中粪便中醋酸盐浓度最低（<0.01）。与 PK 相比，WB 和 BP 处理的短链脂肪酸总量有所增加。接受 BP 治疗的母猪毛发皮质醇水平最低 (= 0.036)。餐后90分钟和120分钟时，高纤维（6%）治疗组的母猪血液胰岛素浓度高于低纤维（4.5%）治疗组的母猪血液胰岛素浓度（= 0.026）。与 WB 相比，BP 处理中邻苯二甲酸、琥珀酸、苯乙胺、氢化肉桂酸、铁、亚油酸、甘油、酮和甲酰胺的浓度增加（<0.05）。高可溶性纤维含量的 BP 治疗改善了便秘指数、分娩持续时间和窝产仔生产性能，而高不溶性纤维则提高了母猪的舒适度并减少了应激因素，包括呼吸频率和直肠温度。因此，有必要在妊娠母猪的日粮中添加可溶性和不可溶性纤维来源。