Breast cancer (BC) constitutes one of the most pervasive malignancies affecting the female population. Despite progressive improvements in diagnostic and therapeutic technologies, leading to an increased detection of early stage BCs, locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) persists as a significant clinical challenge. Owing to its poor overall survival (OS) rate, elevated recurrence rate, and high potential for distant metastasis, LABC prominently impacts the comprehensive efficacy of BC treatments. Radiotherapy, encompassing preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative modalities, is acknowledged as an effective strategy for mitigating BC metastasis and enhancing survival rates among patients. Nevertheless, the domain of preoperative neoadjuvant radiotherapy (NART) remains conspicuously underexplored in clinical studies. Available research suggests that NART can induce tumor volume reduction, provoke fibrotic changes in tumor and adjacent normal tissues, thereby mitigating intraoperative cancer propagation and enhancing the quality of life for LABC patients. This manuscript seeks to provide a review of contemporary research pertaining to LABC and its preoperative radiotherapy.

中文翻译：

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彻底改变局部晚期乳腺癌的斗争：对新辅助放疗的全面见解

乳腺癌（BC）是影响女性群体最普遍的恶性肿瘤之一。尽管诊断和治疗技术不断进步，导致早期乳腺癌的检出率有所增加，但局部晚期乳腺癌 (LABC) 仍然是一项重大的临床挑战。由于其总生存率（OS）差、复发率高、远处转移的可能性大，LABC显着影响BC治疗的综合疗效。放射治疗，包括术前、术中和术后治疗，被认为是减轻 BC 转移和提高患者生存率的有效策略。然而，术前新辅助放疗（NART）领域在临床研究中仍然明显未得到充分探索。现有研究表明，NART 可以诱导肿瘤体积缩小，引起肿瘤和邻近正常组织的纤维化变化，从而减轻术中癌症扩散并提高 LABC 患者的生活质量。本手稿旨在对有关 LABC 及其术前放射治疗的当代研究进行回顾。