The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been widely known as a circulating endocrine system involved in the control of blood pressure. However, components of RAS have been found to be localized in rather unexpected sites in the body including the kidneys, brain, bone marrow, immune cells, and reproductive system. These discoveries have led to steady, growing evidence of the existence of independent tissue RAS specific to several parts of the body. It is important to understand how RAS regulates these systems for a variety of reasons: It gives a better overall picture of human physiology, helps to understand and mitigate the unintended consequences of RAS-inhibiting or activating drugs, and sets the stage for potential new therapies for a variety of ailments. This review fulfills the need for an updated overview of knowledge about local tissue RAS in several bodily systems, including their components, functions, and medical implications.

中文翻译：

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肾素-血管紧张素系统的多种生物学功能

肾素-血管紧张素系统（RAS）被广泛认为是参与血压控制的循环内分泌系统。然而，RAS 的成分被发现位于体内相当意想不到的部位，包括肾脏、大脑、骨髓、免疫细胞和生殖系统。这些发现带来了越来越多的稳定证据，证明特定于身体多个部位的独立组织 RAS 的存在。出于多种原因，了解 RAS 如何调节这些系统非常重要：它可以更好地全面了解人体生理学，有助于理解和减轻 RAS 抑制或激活药物的意外后果，并为潜在的新疗法奠定基础对于各种疾病。这篇综述满足了对多个身体系统中局部组织 RAS 的知识进行更新概述的需要，包括它们的组成部分、功能和医学意义。