Animal nutritionists have incessantly worked towards providing livestock with high-quality plant protein feed resources. Soybean meal (SBM) has been an essential and predominantly adopted vegetable protein source in livestock feeding for a long time; however, several SBM antinutrients could potentially impair the animal's performance and growth, limiting its use. Several processing methods have been employed to remove SBM antinutrients, including fermentation with fungal or bacterial microorganisms. According to the literature, fermentation, a traditional food processing method, could improve SBM's nutritional and functional properties, making it more suitable and beneficial to livestock. The current interest in health-promoting functional feed, which can enhance the growth of animals, improve their immune system, and promote physiological benefits more than conventional feed, coupled with the ban on the use of antimicrobial growth promoters, has caused a renewed interest in the use of fermented SBM (FSBM) in livestock diets. This review details the mechanism of SBM fermentation and its impacts on animal health and discusses the recent trend in the application and emerging advantages to livestock while shedding light on the research gap that needs to be critically addressed in future studies. FSBM appears to be a multifunctional high-quality plant protein source for animals. Besides removing soybean antinutrients, beneficial bioactive peptides and digestive enzymes are produced during fermentation, providing probiotics, antioxidants, and immunomodulatory effects. Critical aspects regarding FSBM feeding to animals remain uncharted, such as the duration of fermentation, the influence of feeding on digestive tissue development, choice of microbial strain, and possible environmental impact.

中文翻译：

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发酵豆粕作为畜禽优质蛋白源的作用机制、效益及研究空白

动物营养学家一直致力于为牲畜提供​​优质的植物蛋白饲料资源。豆粕（SBM）长期以来一直是牲畜饲养中重要且主要采用的植物蛋白来源；然而，几种 SBM 抗营养剂可能会损害动物的性能和生长，从而限制其使用。已采用多种加工方法来去除 SBM 抗营养物质，包括用真菌或细菌微生物发酵。据文献报道，发酵作为一种传统的食品加工方法，可以改善豆粕的营养和功能特性，使其更适合家畜并有益于牲畜。目前人们对促进健康的功能性饲料的兴趣，与传统饲料相比，它可以增强动物的生长，改善其免疫系统，并促进生理益处，再加上禁止使用抗菌生长促进剂，引起了人们对促进健康的功能性饲料的重新兴趣。发酵豆粕（FSBM）在牲畜饲料中的应用。这篇综述详细介绍了SBM发酵的机制及其对动物健康的影响，并讨论了其应用的最新趋势和对牲畜的新兴优势，同时揭示了未来研究中需要重点解决的研究空白。 FSBM 似乎是一种适用于动物的多功能优质植物蛋白源。除了去除大豆抗营养素外，发酵过程中还会产生有益的生物活性肽和消化酶，提供益生菌、抗氧化剂和免疫调节作用。 FSBM 喂养动物的关键方面仍然未知，例如发酵持续时间、喂养对消化组织发育的影响、微生物菌株的选择以及可能的环境影响。