Background

Both strength and endurance training are included in global exercise recommendations and are the main components of training programs for competitive sports. While an abundance of research has been published regarding concurrent strength and endurance training, only a small portion of this research has been conducted in females or has addressed their unique physiological circumstances (e.g., hormonal profiles related to menstrual cycle phase, menstrual dysfunction, and hormonal contraceptive use), which may influence training responses and adaptations.

Objective

The aim was to complete a systematic review of the scientific literature regarding training adaptations following concurrent strength and endurance training in apparently healthy adult females.

Methods

A systematic electronic search for articles was performed in July 2021 and again in December 2022 using PubMed and Medline. This review followed, where applicable, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality of the included studies was assessed using a modified Downs and Black checklist. Inclusion criteria were (1) fully published peer-reviewed publications; (2) study published in English; (3) participants were healthy normal weight or overweight females of reproductive age (mean age between > 18 and < 50) or presented as a group (n > 5) in studies including both females and males and where female results were reported separately; (4) participants were randomly assigned to intervention groups, when warranted, and the study included measures of maximal strength and endurance performance; and (5) the duration of the intervention was ≥ 8 weeks to ensure a meaningful training duration.

Results

Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria (seven combined strength training with running, four with cycling, and three with rowing or cross-country skiing). These studies indicated that concurrent strength and endurance training generally increases parameters associated with strength and endurance performance in female participants, while several other health benefits such as, e.g., improved body composition and blood lipid profile were reported in individual studies. The presence of an “interference effect” in females could not be assessed from the included studies as this was not the focus of any included research and single-mode training groups were not always included alongside concurrent training groups. Importantly, the influence of concurrent training on fast-force production was limited, while the unique circumstances affecting females were not considered/reported in most studies. Overall study quality was low to moderate.

Conclusion

Concurrent strength and endurance training appears to be beneficial in increasing strength and endurance capacity in females; however, multiple research paradigms must be explored to better understand the influence of concurrent training modalities in females. Future research should explore the influence of concurrent strength and endurance training on fast-force production, the possible presence of an “interference effect” in athletic populations, and the influence of unique circumstances, such as hormone profile, on training responses and adaptations.

中文翻译：

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健康成年女性同时进行力量和耐力训练的观点：系统评价

背景

力量和耐力训练都包含在全球运动建议中，并且是竞技运动训练计划的主要组成部分。虽然已经发表了大量关于同时进行力量和耐力训练的研究，但只有一小部分研究是在女性中进行的，或者解决了她们独特的生理环境（例如，与月经周期阶段、月经功能障碍和激素水平相关的激素分布）。避孕药具的使用），这可能会影响训练反应和适应。

客观的

目的是完成对关于表面健康的成年女性同时进行力量和耐力训练后的训练适应的科学文献的系统回顾。

方法

使用 PubMed 和 Medline 于 2021 年 7 月和 2022 年 12 月再次对文章进行了系统的电子搜索。在适用的情况下，本次审查遵循系统审查和荟萃分析的首选报告项目 (PRISMA) 指南。使用修改后的唐斯和布莱克清单评估纳入研究的质量。纳入标准为 (1) 完整发表的同行评审出版物；(2) 以英文发表的研究报告；(3) 参与者是健康正常体重或超重的育龄女性（平均年龄> 18至< 50岁），或在包括女性和男性的研究中以一组（n  > 5）呈现，并且女性结果单独报告；(4) 必要时，参与者被随机分配到干预组，并且研究包括最大力量和耐力表现的测量；(5)干预持续时间≥8周，以确保训练持续时间有意义。

结果

十四项研究符合纳入标准（七项结合力量训练与跑步，四项与自行车结合，三项与划船或越野滑雪结合）。这些研究表明，同时进行的力量和耐力训练通常会增加女性参与者与力量和耐力表现相关的参数，而个别研究报告了其他一些健康益处，例如改善的身体成分和血脂状况。无法从纳入的研究中评估女性是否存在“干扰效应”，因为这不是任何纳入研究的重点，而且单模式训练组并不总是与并发训练组一起纳入。重要的是，同时训练对快速力量产生的影响是有限的，而大多数研究没有考虑/报告影响女性的独特情况。总体研究质量为低至中等。

结论

同时进行力量和耐力训练似乎有利于提高女性的力量和耐力能力；然而，必须探索多种研究范式，以更好地了解同时训练模式对女性的影响。未来的研究应探讨同时进行力量和耐力训练对快速力量产生的影响、运动人群中可能存在的“干扰效应”，以及激素水平等独特环境对训练反应和适应的影响。