• How strong is public support for Ukraine in Europe? Given reports that Russian President Vladimir Putin may be ‘playing for time’ in the hopes that weary publics will demand an end to supporting Ukraine, this is an important question. • In February 2023, we conducted a survey of public attitudes in ten major European countries: France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Estonia, Hungary, Poland, Finland, Sweden, Italy and Spain. • Our findings suggest that Europeans are (almost) unanimous in blaming Russia for the war and strongly in favour of standing by Ukraine in its war effort. • Only minorities of respondents are of the opinion that Ukraine should be urged to accept territorial losses that could help end the war, or that economic sanctions against Russia should be lifted. Even in countries where support for Ukraine is lower (Hungary and Italy), or among more sceptical groups, we typically find a majority or plurality on Ukraine's side (or, at worst, we find only a small majority are pro-Russia). • Regarding NATO, there is no widespread appetite for increasing its presence in eastern Europe (except in Poland and Estonia), and even less support for Ukraine joining the alliance. At least in the eyes of the public, fighting a war in Ukraine is perceived as a goal in itself that does not necessarily elicit broader changes to existing security alliances like NATO. • Looking ahead, if the gap between the expectations audiences had for the Ukrainian counter-offensive and what it actually delivers is too great, we would expect public support for Ukraine in the conflict to weaken overall. • If governments wish to keep support levels high, we recommend targeting communications to reach groups we have found to be less supportive. This could include utilizing non-traditional media platforms to reach younger audiences, or members of populist right-wing groups.

中文翻译：

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欧洲舆论：一致支持乌克兰，但对北约未来存在分歧

• 欧洲公众对乌克兰的支持有多强？鉴于有报道称俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京可能是在“拖延时间”，希望疲惫的公众要求停止支持乌克兰，这是一个重要的问题。• 2023年2月，我们对欧洲十个主要国家进行了公众态度调查：法国、德国、英国、爱沙尼亚、匈牙利、波兰、芬兰、瑞典、意大利和西班牙。• 我们的调查结果表明，欧洲人（几乎）一致将战争归咎于俄罗斯，并强烈支持支持乌克兰的战争努力。• 只有少数受访者认为应敦促乌克兰接受可能有助于结束战争的领土损失，或者应取消对俄罗斯的经济制裁。即使在对乌克兰支持率较低的国家（匈牙利和意大利），或者在持怀疑态度的群体中，我们通常也会发现大多数人或多数人站在乌克兰一边（或者，最坏的情况是，我们发现只有一小部分人支持俄罗斯）。• 关于北约，人们普遍没有兴趣增加其在东欧（波兰和爱沙尼亚除外）的存在，更不支持乌克兰加入该联盟。至少在公众眼中，在乌克兰发动战争本身被视为一个目标，并不一定会导致北约等现有安全联盟发生更广泛的变化。• 展望未来，如果观众对乌克兰反攻的预期与其实际效果之间的差距太大，我们预计公众对冲突中乌克兰的支持将整体减弱。• 如果政府希望保持较高的支持水平，我们建议将沟通目标瞄准那些我们发现不太支持的群体。这可能包括利用非传统媒体平台来接触年轻受众或民粹主义右翼团体的成员。