Edgard Milhaud (1873–1964), a professor at the University of Geneva, published a series of texts (from 1932 onwards) promoting the establishment of multilateral international compensation between nation-states, and actively campaigned for this project. His plan centered on a call for a “gold truce” as an alternative to the bilateral clearing agreements that proliferated at the time. The plan drew the attention of several international organizations. It reached the point of arousing the interest of the League of Nations (LON), which decided in 1934 to launch an inquiry (published in 1935) questioning LON members about the project of making clearing agreements multilateral. The Milhaud plan nevertheless fell into oblivion after the Tripartite Agreement (1936) and then the outbreak of WW II. This work aims to situate the Milhaud plan in its intellectual and political context—i.e., the 1930s—analyze its content, and understand its failure. The article also assesses what it had in common with Keynes’s plan for an international clearing union developed several years later.

中文翻译：

---

埃德加德·米约 (EDGARD MILHAUD) 和 20 世纪 30 年代建立国际清算联盟的案例：被遗忘的凯恩斯先驱？

日内瓦大学教授埃德加德·米约（Edgard Milhaud，1873-1964）从1932年起发表了一系列推动建立民族国家间多边国际补偿的文章，并积极推动这一项目。他的计划的核心是呼吁“黄金休战”，作为当时激增的双边清算协议的替代方案。该计划引起了多个国际组织的关注。它引起了国际联盟 (LON) 的兴趣，国际联盟于 1934 年决定发起一项调查（于 1935 年发布），向 LON 成员询问有关制定多边清算协议的项目。然而，在三方协议（1936 年）和第二次世界大战爆发后，米尔约计划被遗忘。这项工作旨在将米尔约计划置于其知识和政治背景（即 20 世纪 30 年代）中，分析其内容并理解其失败。文章还评估了它与凯恩斯几年后制定的国际清算联盟计划的共同点。