High-impact polystyrene is a widely-used construction material due to its superior comprehensive performance, but its susceptibility to fire can lead to the production of toxic and harmful gases. To address this issue, a novel, environmentally-friendly microencapsulated nitrogen‑phosphorus‑silicon flame retardant for high-impact polystyrene was prepared in this study. SiO₂, produced by the hydrolysis condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate, was used as the wall material, while melamine cyanurate was used as the core material. The microencapsulated nitrogen‑phosphorus‑silicon flame retardant was compounded with high-impact polystyrene and aluminum hypophosphite, and the composites were evaluated for their performance in terms of fire behavior, thermal stability, and morphology of the resulting carbon residues. When melamine cyanurate@SiO₂ and aluminum hypophosphite were added in a 1:4 ratio, the UL-94 rating of L5 reached V-0, and the LOI value increased to 27.0%. The conical calorimeter test results showed that the peak heat release rate of the L5 composite decreased by 78.7% compared to pure HIPS, and the corresponding total heat release rate decreased by 45.7%. Thermogravimetric analysis results illustrated that the amount of carbon residue increased significantly, from 2.46% to 22.26% of pure high-impact polystyrene. These findings indicate that the prepared microencapsulated nitrogen‑phosphorus‑silicon flame retardant is multifunctional, highly efficient, and can be applied to high-impact polystyrene.

高抗冲聚苯乙烯因其优越的综合性能而成为广泛使用的建筑材料，但其易燃，会导致有毒有害气体的产生。为了解决这个问题，本研究制备了一种新型环保微胶囊氮磷硅阻燃剂，用于高抗冲聚苯乙烯。采用原硅酸四乙酯水解缩合生成的SiO ₂为壁材，氰尿酸三聚氰胺为芯材。将微胶囊氮磷硅阻燃剂与高抗冲聚苯乙烯和次磷酸铝复合，并评估复合材料的阻燃性能、热稳定性和所得碳残留物的形态。当三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐@SiO ₂和次磷酸铝以1:4的比例添加时，L5的UL-94等级达到V -0，LOI值增加到27.0%。锥形量热仪测试结果表明，L5复合材料的峰值放热率比纯HIPS下降了78.7%，相应的总放热率下降了45.7%。热重分析结果表明，残炭量显着增加，从纯高抗冲聚苯乙烯的2.46%增加到22.26%。这些结果表明，所制备的微胶囊氮磷硅阻燃剂是多功能、高效的，可应用于高抗冲聚苯乙烯。