Piglet diarrhea is among one of the most serious health problems faced by the pig industry, resulting in significant economic losses. Diarrheal disease in piglets has a multifactorial etiology that is affected by physiology, environment, and management strategy. Diarrhea is the most apparent symptom of intestinal dysfunction. As a key class of essential nutrients in the piglet diet, amino acids confer a variety of beneficial effects on piglets in addition to being used as a substrate for protein synthesis, including maintaining appropriate intestinal integrity, permeability and epithelial renewal, and alleviating morphological damage and inflammatory and oxidative stress. Thus, provision of appropriate levels of amino acids could alleviate piglet diarrhea. Most amino acid effects are mediated by metabolites, gut microbes, and related signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of dietary amino acid effects on gut health and diarrhea incidence in piglets, and reveal the mechanisms involved. We also provide ideas for using amino acid blends and emphasize the importance of amino acid balance in the diet to prevent diarrhea in piglets.

中文翻译：

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仔猪腹泻中的氨基酸：影响、机制和见解

仔猪腹泻是养猪业面临的最严重的健康问题之一，造成重大经济损失。仔猪腹泻病的病因是多因素的，受生理、环境和管理策略的影响。腹泻是肠道功能障碍最明显的症状。作为仔猪日粮中一类关键的必需营养素，氨基酸除了用作蛋白质合成的底物外，还赋予仔猪多种有益作用，包括维持适当的肠道完整性、通透性和上皮更新，减轻形态损伤和炎症和氧化应激。因此，提供适当水平的氨基酸可以减轻仔猪腹泻。大多数氨基酸效应是由代谢物、肠道微生物和相关信号通路介导的。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前对日粮氨基酸对仔猪肠道健康和腹泻发病率影响的认识，并揭示了其中的机制。我们还提供了使用氨基酸混合物的想法，并强调日粮中氨基酸平衡对于预防仔猪腹泻的重要性。