The study aimed to evaluate the role of morpho-physiological and anatomical attributes of Alhagi maurorum Medik. Populations from five water deficit regions in Punjab province, Pakistan, namely, Cholistan desert (KHP), Rajanpur (DGK), Thal (LYH), Patisar Lake (LAS), and Salt Range (WSM), in their adaptability to arid and semi-arid regions. The study sheds light on the adaptive components of various plant populations to cope with increasing dryness ratio. Arid populations [Khanpur-KHP (D = 44.91, P = 97.1 mm), Dera Ghazi Khan-DGK (D = 41.41, P = 105.3 mm), Layyah-LYH (D = 37.11, P = 117.5 mm) and Ladamsar-LAS (D = 34.83, P = 125.2 mm)] relied on larger roots and leaves, enhanced biomass production, ion accumulation, and photosynthetic pigments. It also encompassing larger root and stem cellular area, cortex and vascular region, thicker leaves, and numerous large stomata. Semi-arid populations display distinctive changes, such as longer shoots, higher root and shoot Na⁺ levels, organic osmolytes, thicker epidermis, and enlarged pith region in stems [Warcha Salt Mine-WSM (D = 8.70, P = 501 mm)]. These modifications at both structural and functional levels guarantee the survival and success of this species in challenging environmental conditionswhich will have implications for sustainable agriculture, ecosystem restoration, and adaptation to climate change adaptation in arid and semi-arid regions.

该研究旨在评估Alhagi maurorum Medik的形态生理和解剖学属性的作用。巴基斯坦旁遮普省五个缺水地区乔里斯坦沙漠（KHP）、拉詹布尔（DGK）、塔尔（LYH）、帕蒂萨尔湖（LAS）和盐岭（WSM）的人口对干旱和半干旱的适应能力-干旱地区。该研究揭示了不同植物种群应对干旱率增加的适应性成分。干旱种群 [Khanpur-KHP (D = 44.91, P = 97.1 mm)、Dera Ghazi Khan-DGK (D = 41.41, P = 105.3 mm)、Layyah-LYH (D = 37.11, P = 117.5 mm) 和 Ladamsar-LAS （D = 34.83，P = 125.2 mm）]依赖于更大的根和叶，增强的生物量产生，离子积累和光合色素。它还包括更大的根和茎细胞区域、皮层和维管束区域、更厚的叶子和许多大气孔。半干旱种群表现出独特的变化，例如更长的芽、更高的根和芽Na ⁺水平、有机渗透剂、更厚的表皮以及茎中扩大的髓部区域[Warcha盐矿-WSM(D = 8.70，P = 501 mm)] 。这些结构和功能层面的修改保证了该物种在具有挑战性的环境条件下的生存和成功，这将对干旱和半干旱地区的可持续农业、生态系统恢复和气候变化适应产生影响。