Abstract

Exposure to community and individual level stressors during adolescence has been reported to be associated with increased substance use. However, it remains unclear what the relative contribution of different community- and individual-level factors play when alcohol and marijuana use become more prevalent during late adolescence. The present study uses a large longitudinal sample of adolescents (Wave 1: N = 2017; 55% Female; 54.5% White, 22.3% Black, 8% Hispanic, 15% other) to evaluate the association and potential interactions between community- and individual-level factors and substance use from adolescence to young adulthood (Wave 1 to Wave 3 Age _{Mean [SD]}: 16.7 [1.1], 18.3 [1.2], 19.3 [1.2]). Across three waves of data, multilevel modeling (MLM) is used to evaluate the association between community affluence and disadvantage, individual household socioeconomic status (SES, measured as parental level of education and self-reported public assistance) and self-reported childhood maltreatment with self-reported 12-month alcohol and 12-month marijuana use occasions. Sample-selection weights and attrition-adjusted weights are accounted for in the models to evaluate the robustness of the estimated effects. Across the MLMs, there is a significant positive association between community affluence and parental education with self-reported alcohol use but not self-reported marijuana use. In post hoc analyses, higher neighborhood affluence in older adolescents is associated with higher alcohol use and lower use in younger adolescents; the opposite association is found for neighborhood disadvantage. Consistent with past literature, there is a significant positive association between self-reported childhood maltreatment and self-reported 12-month alcohol and 12-month marijuana use. Results are largely consistent across weighted and unweighted analyses, however, in weighted analyses there is a significant negative association between community disadvantage and self-reported 12-month alcohol use. This study demonstrates a nuanced relationship between community- and individual-level factors and substance use during the transitional window of adolescence which should be considered when contextualizing and interpreting normative substance use during adolescence.

中文翻译：

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个人和社区层面的发展逆境：青少年晚期和年轻人吸食大麻和饮酒的关联

摘要

据报道，青春期期间暴露于社区和个人层面的压力源与物质使用增加有关。然而，当酒精和大麻在青春期后期变得更加普遍时，不同社区和个人层面因素的相对贡献仍不清楚。本研究使用大量青少年纵向样本（第一波：N  = 2017 年；55% 女性；54.5% 白人，22.3% 黑人，8% 西班牙裔，15% 其他）来评估社区和个人之间的关联和潜在相互作用从青春期到成年早期的因素和物质使用（第 1 波到第 3 波年龄_{平均值 [SD]}：16.7 [1.1]、18.3 [1.2]、19.3 [1.2]）。在三波数据中，多层次模型（MLM）用于评估社区富裕与劣势、个体家庭社会经济地位（SES，以父母的教育水平和自我报告的公共援助来衡量）以及自我报告的儿童虐待与自我报告 12 个月内饮酒和 12 个月内吸食大麻的情况。模型中考虑了样本选择权重和损耗调整权重，以评估估计效果的稳健性。在传销中，社区富裕程度和家长教育与自我报告的饮酒情况之间存在显着的正相关关系，但与自我报告的大麻使用情况无关。在事后分析中，年龄较大的青少年的邻里富裕程度较高与饮酒量较高有关，而较年轻的青少年的饮酒量较低；邻里劣势则存在相反的关联。与过去的文献一致，自我报告的童年虐待与自我报告的 12 个月酗酒和 12 个月吸食大麻之间存在显着的正相关关系。加权和未加权分析的结果基本一致，但是，在加权分析中，社区劣势与自我报告的 12 个月饮酒情况之间存在显着的负相关。这项研究证明了社区和个人层面的因素与青春期过渡窗口期间的物质使用之间存在微妙的关系，在背景化和解释青春期期间的规范物质使用时应考虑这一点。