Human vision is shaped by historic and by predictive processes. The lingering impact of visual adaptation, for instance, can act to exaggerate differences between past and present inputs, whereas predictive processes can promote extrapolation effects that allow us to anticipate the near future. It is unclear to what extent either of these effects manifest in changes to conscious visual experience. It is also unclear how these influences combine, when acting in concert or opposition. We had people make decisions about the sizes of inputs, and report on levels of decisional confidence. Tests were either selectively subject to size adaptation, to an extrapolation effect, or to both of these effects. When these two effects were placed in opposition, extrapolation had a greater impact on decision making. However, our data suggest the influence of extrapolation is primarily decisional, whereas size adaptation more fully manifests in changes to conscious visual awareness.

人类的视觉是由历史过程和预测过程塑造的。例如，视觉适应的挥之不去的影响可能会夸大过去和现在输入之间的差异，而预测过程可以促进外推效应，使我们能够预测不久的将来。目前尚不清楚这些影响在多大程度上会在有意识的视觉体验的变化中体现出来。目前还不清楚这些影响在协同或反对时如何结合起来。我们让人们就输入的大小做出决定，并报告决策信心水平。测试要么选择性地受到尺寸适应、外推效应的影响，要么同时受到这两种效应的影响。当这两种效应对立时，外推法对决策的影响更大。然而，我们的数据表明，外推法的影响主要是决定性的，而尺寸适应更充分地体现在有意识的视觉意识的变化中。