Elite controllers are a heterogeneous group of people living with HIV who control viral replication without antiretroviral therapy. There is substantial evidence that at least some elite controllers are infected with replication-competent virus, thus they may serve as a model of a functional cure of HIV. The mechanisms responsible for virologic control have been actively studied. The most objective data support CD8+ T cell–based mechanisms of control, but other immune responses, mediated by antibodies and natural killer cells, may also play a role in controlling viral replication. In this article, we review the evidence for different mechanisms of immune control in these remarkable individuals.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Immunology, Volume 42 is April 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

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HIV 感染者的免疫反应

精英控制者是一群异质的艾滋病毒感染者，他们无需抗逆转录病毒治疗即可控制病毒复制。有大量证据表明，至少有一些精英控制者感染了具有复制能力的病毒，因此他们可以作为艾滋病毒功能性治愈的模型。人们正在积极研究负责病毒学控制的机制。最客观的数据支持CD8+基于 T 细胞的控制机制，但由抗体和自然杀伤细胞介导的其他免疫反应也可能在控制病毒复制中发挥作用。在本文中，我们回顾了这些杰出个体的不同免疫控制机制的证据。《免疫学年度评论》第 42 卷的预计最终在线出版日期为 2024 年 4 月。请参阅 http://www.annualreviews.org/page /journal/pubdates 以获得修订后的估计。