Extreme weather events will increase in frequency and intensity with climate change. Physiological and behavioral modulation during these extreme climatic events will likely facilitate persistence of ectothermic species, but these compensatory responses may be costly. We transplanted greater short-horned lizards (Phrynosoma hernandesi) from a cool, high-elevation site to a warm, low-elevation site to quantify the costs of acute temperature increases. We predicted that transplanting lizards to the warmer environment would increase mass loss relative to Control lizards by increasing DEE, thermal tolerance, and circulating CORT and altering spatial ecology and basking behavior. We found that transplanted lizards experienced a significant decline in mass, but this decline was not a result of increased energetic expenditure or circulating CORT. Rather, this loss appeared to be driven by changes in basking behavior and space use. Our data suggest changes in thermoregulatory behavior alleviated the direct effects of a greater environmental thermal load. However, these behavioral changes were associated with their own costs, likely due to limitations on resource acquisition resulting from decreases in basking and foraging activities. Our research suggests compensation for increased temperatures does not necessarily eliminate the costs of rapid environmental change.

随着气候变化，极端天气事件的频率和强度将会增加。这些极端气候事件期间的生理和行为调节可能会促进变温物种的持续存在，但这些补偿反应可能代价高昂。我们将更大的短角蜥蜴（Phrynosoma hernandesi）从凉爽的高海拔地区移植到温暖的低海拔地区，以量化急剧气温升高的成本。我们预测，将蜥蜴移植到较温暖的环境中会通过增加 DEE、耐热性和循环 CORT 以及改变空间生态和晒太阳行为来增加相对于对照蜥蜴的质量损失。我们发现移植的蜥蜴质量显着下降，但这种下降并不是能量消耗或循环 CORT 增加的结果。相反，这种损失似乎是由晒太阳行为和空间使用的变化造成的。我们的数据表明，体温调节行为的变化减轻了更大的环境热负荷的直接影响。然而，这些行为变化与它们自身的成本相关，可能是由于晒太阳和觅食活动的减少导致资源获取受到限制。我们的研究表明，对气温升高的补偿并不一定能消除环境快速变化的成本。