This paper explores deep insights into sustainability transition tensions and pathways in terms of place-based conflict and potential for synergies between offshore wind energy (OWE) development and justice for humans and nonhuman nature. Specifically, we build a capability and recognition-based multispecies blue justice framework that at once centers ecological reflexivity (i.e., environmental awareness-raising, proxy representation of nature, and institutional recognition and protection of rights of nature and human-nature relationality), decenters anthropocentric frames of justice, and sheds light on injustices, human and nonhuman that climate and energy transitions may create or reinforce. This framework then informs analysis of a sustainability transition conflict, specifically a longstanding OWE conflict on Hiiumaa island, Estonia. This analysis unravels justice concerns, human and nonhuman, raised by proxy representatives of nature (i.e., grassroots actors and environmental stewards), the knowledge contestations involved, and the resolution measures undertaken thus far. Next, we discuss the possible transformative role of the OWE conflict, including how a Supreme Court ruling invalidating the OWE plan has fostered reflexive planning and may have set a legal precedent that may have human and nonhuman justice implications for the handling of future planning cases. We then highlight remaining challenges for socially and ecologically responsive OWE deployment. These include the judicial non-recognition of nature’s right as well as environmental values and sociocultural ties to nature as rights worth protecting, and the likely effects that formalization of European Union ambitions to speed-up and ramp-up renewable energy could have locally. These include prospects for environmental stewards and ocean defenders to steer nature-positive, people-centered energy transitions. Last, we propose conditions for enhanced multispecies justice, including how formal interventions (e.g., law) and informal practices (e.g., negotiation, awareness-raising) can be harnessed to unlock productive conflict and align energy transitions with the norms of justice, human and nonhuman.

本文从基于地点的冲突以及海上风能（OWE）开发与人类和非人类自然正义之间的协同潜力方面，深入探讨了可持续转型的紧张局势和路径。具体来说，我们建立了一个基于能力和认可的多物种蓝色正义框架，该框架立即集中生态反身性（即环境意识提高、自然的代理代表、对自然权利和人与自然关系的制度认可和保护）、去中心化以人类为中心的正义框架，揭示了气候和能源转型可能造成或加剧的人类和非人类的不公正现象。然后，该框架为可持续转型冲突的分析提供依据，特别是爱沙尼亚希乌马岛长期存在的 OWE 冲突。这一分析揭示了自然代理代表（即基层行为者和环境管理者）提出的人类和非人类正义问题、所涉及的知识争议以及迄今为止采取的解决措施。接下来，我们讨论 OWE 冲突可能产生的变革性作用，包括最高法院裁决 OWE 计划无效如何促进反思性规划，并可能树立一个法律先例，对未来规划案件的处理可能产生人类和非人类正义影响。然后，我们强调社会和生态响应型 OWE 部署的剩余挑战。其中包括司法不承认自然权利以及环境价值观和与自然的社会文化联系作为值得保护的权利，以及欧盟加速和扩大可再生能源的雄心正式化可能对当地产生的影响。其中包括环境管理者和海洋捍卫者引导对自然有利、以人为本的能源转型的前景。最后，我们提出了加强多物种正义的条件，包括如何利用正式干预措施（例如法律）和非正式实践（例如谈判、提高认识）来解决生产性冲突，并使能源转型与正义、人类和社会规范保持一致。非人类。