Macrocyclic molecules have been used in various fields owing to their guest binding properties. Macrocycle-based host–guest chemistry in solution can allow for precise control of complex formation. Although solution-phase host–guest complexes are easily prepared, their limited stability and processability prevent widespread application. Extending host–guest chemistry from solution to the solid state results in complexes that are generally more robust, enabling easier processing and broadened applications. Macrocyclic compounds in the solid state can encapsulate guests with larger affinities than their soluble counterparts. This is crucial for use in applications such as separation science and devices. In this Review, we summarize recent progress in macrocycle-based solid-state host–guest chemistry and discuss the basic physical chemistry of these complexes. Representative macrocycles and their solid-state complexes are explored, as well as potential applications. Finally, perspectives and challenges are discussed.

大环分子由于其客体结合特性而被用于各个领域。溶液中基于大环的主客体化学可以精确控制复合物的形成。尽管溶液相主客体复合物很容易制备，但其有限的稳定性和可加工性阻碍了广泛的应用。将主客体化学从溶液扩展到固态会产生更稳定的复合物，从而使加工更容易并扩大应用范围。固态大环化合物可以比可溶化合物以更大的亲和力封装客体。这对于分离科学和设备等应用至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们总结了基于大环的固态主客体化学的最新进展，并讨论了这些配合物的基本物理化学。探索了代表性的大环化合物及其固态配合物以及潜在的应用。最后，讨论了观点和挑战。