Radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy are the standard treatment options for localized prostate cancer (PC). However, radical prostatectomy may cause the deterioration of urinary and sexual function, and radiation-induced hemorrhagic cystitis and severe rectal bleeding are risk factors for fatal conditions in patients after radiation therapy. With the recent development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the localization of clinically significant PC (csPC) and treatment modalities, “focal therapy”, which cures csPC while preserving anatomical structures related to urinary and sexual functions, has become a minimally invasive treatment for localized PC. Based on the clinical results of transrectal high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for localized PC in the whole gland and focal therapy, HIFU is considered an attractive treatment option for focal therapy. Recently, the short-term clinical results of transurethral high-intensity directional ultrasound (HIDU) have been reported. With the resolution of some issues, HIDU may be commonly used for PC treatment similar to HIFU. Because HIFU and HIDU have limitations regarding the treatment of patients with large prostate calcifications and large prostate volumes, the proper use of these modalities will enable the treatment of any target area in the prostate. To establish a standard treatment strategy for localized PC, pair-matched and historically controlled studies are required to verify the oncological and functional outcomes of ultrasound treatment for patients with localized PC.

根治性前列腺切除术和放射治疗是局限性前列腺癌（PC）的标准治疗选择。然而，根治性前列腺切除术可能导致泌尿和性功能恶化，放射性出血性膀胱炎和严重直肠出血是放射治疗后患者致命的危险因素。近年来，随着磁共振成像（MRI）用于定位具有临床意义的PC（csPC）和治疗方式的发展，“局部治疗”在治愈csPC的同时保留与泌尿和性功能相关的解剖结构，已成为一种微创治疗方法。用于本地化 PC。基于经直肠高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）对全腺体局部PC和局部治疗的临床结果，HIFU被认为是局部治疗中有吸引力的治疗选择。最近，经尿道高强度定向超声（HIDU）的短期临床结果已有报道。随着一些问题的解决，HIDU可能会普遍用于类似于HIFU的PC治疗。由于 HIFU 和 HIDU 在治疗前列腺大钙化和前列腺体积大的患者方面存在局限性，因此正确使用这些方式将能够治疗前列腺中的任何目标区域。为了建立局限性 PC 的标准治疗策略，需要进行配对和历史对照研究来验证超声治疗对局限性 PC 患者的肿瘤学和功能结果。