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Genesis of copper mineralization in the polymetallic tin deposits from the Herberton Mineral Field, Queensland, Australia
Mineralium Deposita ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2023-09-20 , DOI: 10.1007/s00126-023-01209-4
Avish Kumar , Ioan Sanislav , Laure Martin , Matvei Aleshin , Paul Dirks

The Herberton Mineral Field hosts multiple small-scale, polymetallic Sn-Cu and Sn-Zn deposits. The Baal Gammon and Isabel polymetallic deposits in the Herberton Mineral Field contain early Sn that is overprinted by sulfides. At Baal Gammon, the sulfide overprinting is Cu-In-rich, whereas Isabel is a Zn-Pb-In-rich system. These deposits are hosted in the meta-sedimentary rocks of the Hodgkinson Formation and the porphyry dikes and volcanic rocks of the Kennedy Igneous Association. Primary Sn in these deposits occurs as cassiterite, which was altered to stannite during sulfide mineralization. The sulfide ores from Baal Gammon consist of chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, and minor sphalerite, and sphalerite, galena, and minor chalcopyrite are observed at Isabel. Chalcopyrite from Baal Gammon contains on average 609 ppm Ag, 1194 ppm In, and 1410 ppm Sn, whereas chalcopyrite from the Isabel deposit contains on average 2302 ppm Ag, 725 ppm In, and 1042 ppm Sn. Sulfur isotope (δ34S) measurements of in-situ chalcopyrite-pyrrhotite mineral pairs show limited variation and low values that are indicative of a magmatic sulfur source with limited interaction with sulfur from connate and meteoric fluids during mineralization. The chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite δ34S values at the Baal Gammon deposit vary between 0.99–1.91‰ and 1.35–2.48‰, respectively. The δ34S values at the Isabel deposit vary between 0.91–1.45‰ for chalcopyrite and 1.12–2.11‰ for pyrrhotite. The trace element composition of major sulfides and sulfur isotopes of chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite combined with thermodynamic modeling indicates that the mineralizing fluids at the Baal Gammon and Isabel deposits have an igneous source, where the metals were transported as metal-chloride complexes at low pH (< 5) and below ~ 300 °C. The source of these sulfide-rich mineralizing fluids is most likely derived from the magmatic activity associated with the emplacement of the Slaughter Yard Creek Volcanics during a period of crustal thinning between 300 and 280 Ma.



中文翻译:

澳大利亚昆士兰州赫伯顿矿田多金属锡矿床中铜矿化的成因

赫伯顿矿田拥有多个小规模多金属锡铜和锡锌矿床。赫伯顿矿田的 Baal Gammon 和 Isabel 多金属矿床含有被硫化物叠印的早期锡。在 Baal Gammon,硫化物叠印富含 Cu-In,而 Isabel 则是富含 Zn-Pb-In 系统。这些矿床赋存于霍奇金森组的变沉积岩以及肯尼迪火成岩协会的斑岩岩脉和火山岩中。这些矿床中的原生锡以锡石形式存在,在硫化物矿化过程中转变为锡石。Baal Gammon 的硫化物矿石由黄铜矿、磁黄铁矿和少量闪锌矿组成,在伊莎贝尔观察到闪锌矿、方铅矿和少量黄铜矿。来自 Baal Gammon 的黄铜矿平均含有 609 ppm Ag、1194 ppm In 和 1410 ppm Sn,而来自 Isabel 矿床的黄铜矿平均含有 2302 ppm Ag、725 ppm In 和 1042 ppm Sn。硫同位素(δ34 S) 对原位黄铜矿-磁黄铁矿矿物对的测量显示出有限的变化和较低的值,这表明岩浆硫源在矿化过程中与原生流体和大气流体中的硫相互作用有限。Baal Gammon 矿床的黄铜矿和磁黄铁矿 δ 34 S 值分别在 0.99–1.91 ‰ 和 1.35–2.48 ‰ 之间变化。δ 34伊莎贝尔矿床的黄铜矿 S 值在 0.91–1.45 ‰ 之间变化,而磁黄铁矿 S 值在 1.12–2.11 ‰ 之间变化。黄铜矿和磁黄铁矿的主要硫化物和硫同位素的微量元素组成与热力学模型相结合表明,Baal Gammon 和 Isabel 矿床的成矿流体具有火成岩来源,其中金属在低 pH 值(< 5) 及低于 ~ 300 °C。这些富含硫化物的矿化流体的来源很可能源自 300 至 280 Ma 地壳减薄期间与屠宰场溪火山就位相关的岩浆活动。

更新日期:2023-09-21
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