Rock mass dynamics disasters caused by excavations and mining occur frequently in deep mines. In order to establish a theoretical system and control technologies for such disasters, we first classify and define dynamic disasters, such as rock bursts, coal bursts, mine pressure bumps, and mine earthquakes. According to the occurrence mechanism of different types of dynamic disasters, we establish a compensation control theory based on excavation and mining effects. On the basis, we propose three key technologies: high prestress compensation technology for the roadway, pressure relief technology using directional roof cutting, and the goaf filling technology using broken rock dilation. These three technologies constitute the compensation control method for dynamic disasters in deep mines. Finally, this method was successfully applied in a deep coal mine with high stress, with monitored results suggesting its rationality. This work provides a new concept and control method for the prevention of rock dynamic disasters in deep mines.

深部矿山采掘引起的岩体动力灾害频繁发生。为了建立此类灾害的理论体系和控制技术，首先对岩爆、煤压、矿压、矿震等动力灾害进行分类和定义。根据不同类型动力灾害的发生机制，建立基于采掘效应的补偿控制理论。在此基础上，提出了巷道高预应力补偿技术、定向顶板切削泄压技术、破碎岩石膨胀采空区充填技术三项关键技术。这三项技术构成了深部矿井动态灾害的补偿控制方法。最后，该方法在高应力深部煤矿中得到成功应用，监测结果表明了该方法的合理性。该工作为深部矿山岩石动力灾害防治提供了新的理念和控制方法。