The Latin terms commonly used to signify “risk” are absent from Thomas Aquinas’s economic writings. Instead, Aquinas offers a lexicon of probability, prudence, and danger. This ternary lexicon brings with it a triple universalization of risk: first, a universalization through activity, including the activity of analysis considered as part of economic activity; second, a universalization through the agents, since everyone—the observer, the co-contractors, the prince, and the population—is affected by the risk; and, third, a partial universalization of its definition, since the lexicon indicates a risk that is not yet restricted by calculation, as the modern notion is, although some distinctions are already made by Aquinas. However, the lexicon describes only a risk of loss and does not take into account chance of gain.

中文翻译：

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概率、谨慎、危险：托马斯·阿奎那论风险词典的构建

托马斯·阿奎那的经济著作中没有常用来表示“风险”的拉丁术语。相反，阿奎那提供了一个词典概率、谨慎， 和危险。这个三元词汇带来了风险的三重普遍化：首先，通过活动，包括被视为经济活动一部分的分析活动；第二，通过代理人，因为每个人——观察者、合作承包商、王子和民众——都受到风险的影响；第三，其部分普遍化定义，因为词典表示的风险尚未像现代概念那样受到计算的限制，尽管阿奎那已经做出了一些区分。然而，该词典仅描述了损失风险，并未考虑收益机会。