Num 20,1–13 apparently re-edits the water miracle of Exod 17,1–7. The outcome, however, is far more dramatic. By striking a rock in the wilderness, Moses manages again to supply water to the thirsting people, but he and Aaron receive a heavy sanction. They will not be able to lead the people into the Promised Land. The reason for this punishment is obscure, and many interpreters throughout the centuries have ventured to propose different motives. By a close reading of the text as it stands, particularly the discrepancies between the commands of God and their execution by the leaders, we argue that a more holistic solution can be found to this difficult problem. Instead of a specific action or gesture, it is the overall posture of Moses and Aaron that conditions the outcome.

中文翻译：

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摩西和亚伦在米利巴水边犯罪了吗？

民数记 20,1-13 显然重新编辑了出埃及记 17,1-7 的水奇迹。然而，结果却更加戏剧化。摩西在旷野击打岩石，再次为干渴的人民提供水源，但他和亚伦却受到了严厉的制裁。他们将无法带领人们进入应许之地。这种惩罚的原因尚不清楚，几个世纪以来许多解释者都冒险提出了不同的动机。通过仔细阅读原文，特别是上帝的命令与领袖执行之间的差异，我们认为可以找到一个更全面的解决方案来解决这个难题。决定结果的不是特定的动作或姿势，而是摩西和亚伦的整体姿势。