Online gambling emerged in the 1990s in the midst of a process of market liberalisation. Here, scholars have argued that the gambling industry actively seeks state regulation to authorise and legitimate its activities. Why then, since the emergence of the online gambling industry, have trade associations continually sought to develop responsible gambling codes of conduct? In this paper, I address this puzzle by documenting and tracing the development and deployment of responsible gambling codes of conduct by trade associations from the emergence of the online gambling industry in the early 1990s and through processes of increased market liberalisation at the national level and market integration at the European Union level. I argue that online gambling trade associations deploy responsible gambling codes of conduct at particular moments of opportunity to shape their members’ external legal and regulatory environment and to reproduce and embed a particular understanding of how gambling-related risks should be regulated.

中文翻译：

---

通过行为准则再现负责任赌博：行业协会和行为准则在塑造风险监管方面的作用

在线赌博于 20 世纪 90 年代市场自由化过程中出现。在这里，学者们认为，赌博业积极寻求国家监管，以授权其活动并使之合法化。那么，自从在线赌博行业出现以来，为什么行业协会不断寻求制定负责任的赌博行为准则呢？在本文中，我通过记录和追踪自 20 世纪 90 年代初在线赌博行业出现以来，行业协会制定和部署负责任赌博行为准则的过程，并通过国家层面和市场进一步自由化的过程来解决这个难题。欧盟层面的一体化。