I provide a new series of the average duration of emigrant voyages from Liverpool to New York from 1853 to 1913. Time on the crossing fell by 80 percent, from about 40 days to just eight, most of which occurred in the first 2 decades and was associated with the transition from sail to steam. The standard deviation of voyage durations also dramatically decreased. Although average transatlantic fares did not fall, if foregone earnings during the voyage are included, the total cost declined until the early 1900s, and especially so when measured in terms of the number of weeks’ work.

中文翻译：

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穿越时间：跨越大西洋的移民航行，1853-1913

我提供了从 1853 年到 1913 年从利物浦到纽约的移民航行平均持续时间的新系列。穿越时间减少了 80%，从大约 40 天减少到只有 8 天，其中大部分发生在前 20 年，并且与从风帆到蒸汽的转变有关。航程持续时间的标准差也急剧下降。尽管跨大西洋的平均票价没有下降，但如果将航行期间放弃的收入计算在内，则总成本一直下降到 1900 年代初，特别是按照工作周数来衡量。