The crosstalk between the nerve and stomatognathic systems plays a more important role in organismal health than previously appreciated with the presence of emerging concept of the “brain-oral axis”. A deeper understanding of the intricate interaction between the nervous system and the stomatognathic system is warranted, considering their significant developmental homology and anatomical proximity, and the more complex innervation of the jawbone compared to other skeletons. In this review, we provide an in-depth look at studies concerning neurodevelopment, craniofacial development, and congenital anomalies that occur when the two systems develop abnormally. It summarizes the cross-regulation between nerves and jawbones and the effects of various states of the jawbone on intrabony nerve distribution. Diseases closely related to both the nervous system and the stomatognathic system are divided into craniofacial diseases caused by neurological illnesses, and neurological diseases caused by an aberrant stomatognathic system. The two-way relationships between common diseases, such as periodontitis and neurodegenerative disorders, and depression and oral diseases were also discussed. This review provides valuable insights into novel strategies for neuro-skeletal tissue engineering and early prevention and treatment of orofacial and neurological diseases.

随着“脑-口轴”这一新兴概念的出现，神经和口颌系统之间的串扰在机体健康中发挥着比之前认识到的更重要的作用。考虑到神经系统和口颌系统显着的发育同源性和解剖学接近性，以及与其他骨骼相比，颌骨更复杂的神经支配，有必要更深入地了解神经系统和口颌系统之间复杂的相互作用。在这篇综述中，我们深入研究了有关神经发育、颅面发育以及这两个系统发育异常时发生的先天性异常的研究。总结了神经与颌骨之间的交叉调节以及颌骨的各种状态对骨内神经分布的影响。与神经系统和口颌系统密切相关的疾病分为神经系统疾病引起的颅面部疾病和口颌系统异常引起的神经系统疾病。还讨论了牙周炎和神经退行性疾病等常见疾病与抑郁症和口腔疾病之间的双向关系。这篇综述为神经骨骼组织工程以及口面部和神经系统疾病的早期预防和治疗的新策略提供了宝贵的见解。