Exposures to metals from industrial emissions can pose important health risks. The Chester-Trainer-Marcus Hook area of southeastern Pennsylvania is home to multiple petrochemical plants, a refinery, and a waste incinerator, most abutting socio-economically disadvantaged residential communities. Existing information on fenceline community exposures is based on monitoring data with low temporal and spatial resolution and EPA models that incorporate industry self-reporting. During a 3 week sampling campaign in September 2021, size-resolved particulate matter (PM) metals concentrations were obtained at a fixed site in Chester and on-line mobile aerosol measurements were conducted around Chester-Trainer-Marcus Hook. Fixed-site arsenic, lead, antimony, cobalt, and manganese concentrations in total PM were higher (p < 0.001) than EPA model estimates, and arsenic, lead, and cadmium were predominantly observed in fine PM (<2.5 μm), the PM fraction which can penetrate deeply into the lungs. Hazard index analysis suggests adverse effects are not expected from exposures at the observed levels; however, additional chemical exposures, PM size fraction, and non-chemical stressors should be considered in future studies for accurate assessment of risk. Fixed-site MOUDI and nearby mobile aerosol measurements were moderately correlated (r ≥ 0.5) for aluminum, potassium and selenium. Source apportionment analyses suggested the presence of four major emissions sources (sea salt, mineral dust, general combustion, and non-exhaust vehicle emissions) in the study area. Elevated levels of combustion-related elements of health concern (e.g., arsenic, cadmium, antimony, and vanadium) were observed near the waste incinerator and other industrial facilities by mobile monitoring, as well as in residential-zoned areas in Chester. These results suggest potential co-exposures to harmful atmospheric metal/metalloids in communities surrounding the Chester-Trainer-Marcus Hook industrial area at levels that may exceed previous estimates from EPA modeling.

中文翻译：

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表征重工业边界社区颗粒物污染中的金属：结合移动监测和尺寸分辨过滤器测量

接触工业排放的金属可能会带来严重的健康风险。宾夕法尼亚州东南部的切斯特-特雷纳-马库斯胡克地区拥有多个石化厂、一家炼油厂和一个垃圾焚烧厂，大部分毗邻社会经济弱势居民区。有关栅栏社区暴露的现有信息基于低时空分辨率的监测数据以及纳入行业自我报告的 EPA 模型。在 2021 年 9 月为期 3 周的采样活动中，在切斯特的固定地点获得了尺寸分辨颗粒物 (PM) 金属浓度，并在切斯特-培训师-马库斯胡克周围进行了在线移动气溶胶测量。总 PM 中固定地点的砷、铅、锑、钴和锰浓度高于 EPA 模型估计值 ( p < 0.001)，并且砷、铅和镉主要在细颗粒物 (<2.5 μm) 中观察到，PM可以深入肺部的部分。危害指数分析表明，在观察到的水平上接触预计不会产生不利影响；然而，在未来的研究中应考虑额外的化学暴露、PM 尺寸分数和非化学压力源，以便准确评估风险。对于铝、钾和硒，固定地点 MOUDI 和附近移动气溶胶测量结果呈中度相关（r ≥ 0.5）。源解析分析表明研究区存在四个主要排放源（海盐、矿尘、一般燃烧和非尾气车辆排放）。通过移动监测，在废物焚烧炉和其他工业设施附近以及切斯特的住宅区发现与燃烧相关的健康元素（例如砷、镉、锑和钒）水平升高。这些结果表明，Chester-Trainer-Marcus Hook 工业区周围社区中潜在的有害大气金属/准金属的共同暴露水平可能超出 EPA 模型之前的估计。