ABSTRACT

The present study examined the influence of appearance, procedure and position on identification decisions, post-decisional confidence ratings and estimates of discrimination and confidence-specific accuracy. Regarding appearance, the study examined the combined influence of three naturalistic changes that occur day-to-day (i.e. a reduction in cranial hair length, the removal of stubble, and a change of clothing), two of which have not been considered before in a lineup-decision context. Participants (N = 350) completed four experimental lineups which involved: viewing a target person, completing a brief distractor task, and making an identification decision and a post-decisional confidence rating from a photographic lineup. Participants were randomly allocated to complete simultaneous or sequential lineups, with appearance (no change, change), position (early, late) and target (present, absent) systematically varied across the four trials. Appearance affected all dependent measures and was particularly influential in target-present lineups. Naturalistic changes to target appearance reliably decreased correct identification rates, confidence in correct identifications, discrimination accuracy, and confidence-specific accuracy. Procedure and position, by contrast, had a more limited impact. Of concern for the criminal justice system, neither procedure nor position manipulations offset any reductions in lineup-decision accuracy when target appearance changed.

摘要

本研究考察了外观、程序和位置对识别决策、决策后置信度以及歧视和置信度特定准确性的估计的影响。关于外观，该研究考察了日常发生的三种自然变化（即减少颅毛长度、去除胡茬和更换衣服）的综合影响，其中两种变化以前没有被考虑过。阵容决策上下文。参加者（N = 350）完成了四个实验阵容，其中涉及：查看目标人物，完成简短的干扰任务，并根据摄影阵容做出识别决策和决策后置信度评级。参与者被随机分配到完整的同时或连续阵容，外观（无变化、变化）、位置（早期、晚期）和目标（存在、缺席）在四项试验中系统地变化。外观会影响所有相关指标，并且在目标呈现阵容中尤其有影响力。目标外观的自然变化可靠地降低了正确识别率、正确识别的置信度、辨别准确性和特定置信度的准确性。相比之下，程序和立场的影响更为有限。对刑事司法系统的关注，