Six species of family Uranoscopidae, Uranoscopus japonicus, U. tosae, U. bicinctus, U. sp., Ichthyscopus pollicaris, and Xenocephalus elongatus were identified from China seas. The specimens were diagnosed morphologically. The Ichthyscopus species called I. lebeck of China were re-identified as I. pollicaris. In addition, a rare stargazer, Uranoscopus sp., is reported from China based on a single specimen collected by gill net from Jinqing Island of the Xisha Islands, the South China Sea. This specimen is easily identified by its distinct dark spots on the back of the body. It is also characterized by the following combination of characters: lower edge of preopercle with 6 spines; anterior nostril with long tubiform valve, posterior nostril a slit-like pore; 56 oblique scale rows along the sides of the body; pectoral fin brown, with whitish lower edge and base area; the supraoccipital protruding backward in the form of a single large lobe; preorbital and supracleithral spines absent; prelingual filament ribbon-like, particularly prolong. The DNA barcoding (the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene fragments) of the six species were sequenced and submitted to the GenBank. Molecular analyses of all available Uranoscopidae species were implemented based on DNA barcoding data. Uranoscopus sp. possibly is a new species. But we have only a single specimen, therefore described as Uranoscopus sp. here. It is necessary to conduct a comprehensive research based on more specimens in the future.