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Rare native Ni, Fe, Cu, and Sn metals in Hemrin Basalt, northern Iraq: implications for mineral chemistry and ore genesis
Mineralogy and Petrology ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2023-07-24 , DOI: 10.1007/s00710-023-00840-3
Yawooz A. Kettanah

The Hemrin Basalt (HB) is an abnormal occurrence because of its genesis, mineralogy, textures, rare native metals content, and odd geographic-geologic-tectonic setting. It occurs as a caprock for few NW/SE trending hills in a nearly flat-lying area. The HB is a high-K calc-alkaline, collision-related, continental-arc basalt and consists of diopside, labradorite and volcanic glass as the predominant constituents displaying rare firework and feathery textures. The accessory minerals in HB comprise small, discrete grains of native Ni, Fe, Cu, and Sn metals, and scattered grains of sulfides (pyrrhotite, pentlandite, molybdenite), oxides (magnetite, ilmenite, Cr-spinel), and apatite. These minerals occur as disseminated individual or composite grains of variable shapes within the groundmass of HB. Vesicle-filling secondary minerals are zeolite, calcite, anhydrite, and gypsum. The native metals were formed under reducing conditions. The reducing conditions were created as a result of assimilation of C- and S-rich sedimentary rocks by the ascending magma from the continental lithospheric mantle through the thick pile of sedimentary formations. The possible C- and S-rich rocks include the carbonates and evaporites of Fatha Formation and the Hemrin Coal Seam within the upper part of Injana Formation hosting the HB and overlying the Fatha Formation, and possibly the petroleum source, reservoir and caprocks forming the sedimentary column underlying the area. Assimilation of S from these rocks created sulfides, while assimilated C resulted in the formation of native metals.



中文翻译:

伊拉克北部赫姆林玄武岩中稀有的原生镍、铁、铜和锡金属:对矿物化学和矿石成因的影响

赫姆林玄武岩 (HB) 因其成因、矿物学、结构、稀有天然金属含量和奇怪的地理地质构造环境而成为一种异常现象。它是几乎平坦的地区中一些西北/东南走向的山丘的盖层。HB 是一种高钾钙碱性、与碰撞有关的大陆弧玄武岩,由透辉石、拉长石和火山玻璃组成,作为主要成分,呈现出罕见的烟花和羽毛状纹理。HB 中的副矿物包括原生 Ni、Fe、Cu 和 Sn 金属的小而离散颗粒,以及硫化物(磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿、辉钼矿)、氧化物(磁铁矿、钛铁矿、铬尖晶石)和磷灰石的分散颗粒。这些矿物以不同形状的散布单个或复合颗粒的形式出现在 HB 的基质中。充满囊泡的次生矿物有沸石、方解石、硬石膏和石膏。天然金属是在还原条件下形成的。还原条件是由于大陆岩石圈地幔上升的岩浆通过厚厚的沉积岩层同化富含碳和硫的沉积岩而产生的。可能的富含碳和硫的岩石包括Fatha组的碳酸盐和蒸发岩以及位于HB和覆盖Fatha组之上的Injana组上部的Hemrin煤层,以及可能形成该区域下方沉积柱的石油源、储层和盖层。这些岩石中的硫同化产生了硫化物,而同化的碳则导致了原生金属的形成。还原条件是由于大陆岩石圈地幔上升的岩浆通过厚厚的沉积岩层同化富含碳和硫的沉积岩而产生的。可能的富含碳和硫的岩石包括Fatha组的碳酸盐和蒸发岩以及位于HB和覆盖Fatha组之上的Injana组上部的Hemrin煤层,以及可能形成该区域下方沉积柱的石油源、储层和盖层。这些岩石中的硫同化产生了硫化物,而同化的碳则导致了原生金属的形成。还原条件是由于大陆岩石圈地幔上升的岩浆通过厚厚的沉积岩层同化富含碳和硫的沉积岩而产生的。可能的富含碳和硫的岩石包括Fatha组的碳酸盐和蒸发岩以及位于HB和覆盖Fatha组之上的Injana组上部的Hemrin煤层,以及可能形成该区域下方沉积柱的石油源、储层和盖层。这些岩石中的硫同化产生了硫化物,而同化的碳则导致了原生金属的形成。可能的富含碳和硫的岩石包括Fatha组的碳酸盐和蒸发岩以及位于HB和覆盖Fatha组之上的Injana组上部的Hemrin煤层,以及可能形成该区域下方沉积柱的石油源、储层和盖层。这些岩石中的硫同化产生了硫化物,而同化的碳则导致了原生金属的形成。可能的富含碳和硫的岩石包括Fatha组的碳酸盐和蒸发岩以及位于HB和覆盖Fatha组之上的Injana组上部的Hemrin煤层,以及可能形成该区域下方沉积柱的石油源、储层和盖层。这些岩石中的硫同化产生了硫化物,而同化的碳则导致了原生金属的形成。

更新日期:2023-07-24
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