We investigated whether sign-naïve learners can infer and learn the meaning of signs after minimal exposure to continuous, naturalistic input in the form of a weather forecast in Swedish Sign Language. Participants were L1-English adults. Two experimental groups watched the forecast once (n = 40) or twice (n = 42); a control group did not (n = 42). Participants were then asked to assign meaning to 22 target signs. We explored predictors of meaning assignment with respect to item occurrence frequency and three facets of visual motivation: iconicity, transparency, and gesture similarity. Meaning assignment was enhanced by exposure and item frequency, thereby providing evidence for implicit language learning in a new modality, even under challenging naturalistic conditions. Accuracy was also contingent upon iconicity and transparency, but not upon gesture similarity. Meaning assignment at first exposure is thus visually motivated, although the overall low accuracy rates and further qualitative analyses suggest that visually motivated meaning assignment is not always successful.

中文翻译：

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视觉动机的哪些方面有助于首次接触符号时的内隐学习？

我们调查了不懂手语的学习者在接触瑞典手语天气预报形式的连续、自然输入后是否能够推断和学习手语的含义。参与者是母语为英语的成年人。两个实验组观看预测一次（n = 40）或两次（n = 42）；对照组没有（n= 42）。然后参与者被要求为 22 个目标标志赋予含义。我们探索了关于项目出现频率和视觉动机的三个方面的意义分配的预测因素：象性、透明度和手势相似性。通过接触和项目频率增强了意义分配，从而为新模式中的内隐语言学习提供了证据，即使在具有挑战性的自然条件下也是如此。准确性还取决于图像性和透明度，但不取决于手势相似性。因此，首次曝光时的意义分配是视觉驱动的，尽管总体准确率较低，并且进一步的定性分析表明视觉驱动的意义分配并不总是成功。