Macrophages are phagocytic cells distributed across tissues that sustain homeostasis by constantly probing their local environment. Upon perturbations, macrophages rewire their energy metabolism to execute their immune programs. Intensive research in the field of immunometabolism highlights cell-intrinsic immunometabolites such as succinate and itaconate as immunomodulatory signals. A role for cell-extrinsic stimuli now emerges with evidence for signals that shape macrophages' metabolism in a tissue-specific manner. In this review, we will cover macrophage immunometabolism in the gut, a complex metabolic and immunologically active tissue. During homeostasis, gut macrophages are constantly exposed to pro-inflammatory ligands from the microbiota, and in contrast, are balanced by microbiota-derived anti-inflammatory metabolites. Given their extensive metabolic changes during activation, spatial analyses of the tissue will allow the characterization of metabolic niches of macrophage in the gut. Identifying metabolic perturbations of macrophage subsets during chronic inflammation and infection can direct future tissue-specific metabolotherapies.

巨噬细胞是分布在组织中的吞噬细胞，通过不断探测其局部环境来维持体内平衡。在受到干扰时，巨噬细胞会重新连接其能量代谢以执行其免疫程序。免疫代谢领域的深入研究强调细胞固有的免疫代谢物（例如琥珀酸和衣康酸）作为免疫调节信号。现在，细胞外在刺激的作用已经显现，有证据表明，有证据表明，以组织特异性方式塑造巨噬细胞代谢的信号。在这篇综述中，我们将介绍肠道中的巨噬细胞免疫代谢，肠道是一种复杂的代谢和免疫活性组织。在稳态过程中，肠道巨噬细胞不断暴露于微生物群中的促炎配体，相反，肠道巨噬细胞则通过微生物群衍生的抗炎代谢物来平衡。鉴于巨噬细胞在激活过程中发生广泛的代谢变化，对组织的空间分析将能够表征肠道中巨噬细胞的代谢生态位。识别慢性炎症和感染期间巨噬细胞亚群的代谢扰动可以指导未来的组织特异性代谢疗法。