We investigate the indirect effects of socioeconomic status, both at birth and at age 5, on the likelihood of holding a formal leadership position 26 years later via two sequential mechanisms: children's self-control at age 10 and adolescents' psychological well-being at age 16. We test this model using multisource data from the British Cohort Study, an ongoing research project studying individuals born in England, Scotland, and Wales in the week of April 5–11, 1970. The data were collected at five different time points, from birth through early adulthood. Results show that the cumulative effects of early socioeconomic status predict children's self-control at age 10, and self-control in turn predicts a higher likelihood of leadership role occupancy at age 26 via psychological well-being at age 16. The findings of the current study illustrate how a range of individual and family factors measured across the lifespan predict leadership role occupancy, with implications for better understanding how socioeconomic adversity and privilege enhance individuals' likelihood of becoming leaders early in their careers.

中文翻译：

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早期家庭社会经济地位和后来的领导角色占据：多源寿命研究

我们通过两个连续机制调查了出生时和 5 岁时的社会经济地位对 26 年后担任正式领导职位的可能性的间接影响：儿童 10 岁时的自我控制力和青少年 10 岁时的心理健康状况16. 我们使用来自英国队列研究的多源数据测试该模型，该研究是一个正在进行的研究项目，研究 1970 年 4 月 5 日至 11 日这一周出生于英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士的个体。数据是在五个不同时间点收集的，从出生到成年早期。结果表明，早期社会经济地位的累积效应可预测儿童在 10 岁时的自我控制能力，而自我控制反过来又通过 16 岁时的心理健康预测 26 岁时担任领导角色的可能性更高。