Among varied syntactic and semantic functions of the dative case in Latvian, the attitude dative or dativus ethicus is a less studied one. As an optional pronominal clitic, it serves two broad functions: first, it expresses the speaker’s authority and affectedness of the speaker or the addressee in a speech-act situation, and second, it expresses the speaker’s stance towards the contents of the utterance. In terms of register, the attitude dative normally occurs in informal interaction. The current study examines three basic types of attitude datives in Latvian and their functions in different syntactic constructions and speech acts. The examples are extracted from corpora as well as Latvian fiction and everyday speech. It follows from the examples that the attitude dative has different meanings in certain speech acts and syntactic constructions. The attitude dative is used in giving orders, expressing prohibition and threats, as well as showing disagreement, disappointment, and regret. The study suggests that the attitude dative tends to be used in lexicalized syntactic constructions (set expressions) including specific lexemes and grammatical forms, and its functions are emphasized with particles.

中文翻译：

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拉脱维亚语中态度与格（dativus ethicus）作为人际语用标记

在拉脱维亚语与格的各种句法和语义功能中，态度与格或伦理学是一个研究较少的。作为可选的代词附属词，它有两大功能：第一，它在言语行为情境中表达说话者或受话人的权威和影响力；第二，它表达说话者对话语内容的立场。就语域而言，态度与格通常出现在非正式互动中。当前的研究考察了拉脱维亚语态度与格的三种基本类型及其在不同句法结构和言语行为中的功能。这些例子是从语料库以及拉脱维亚小说和日常用语中提取的。从例子中可以看出，态度与格在某些言语行为和句法结构中具有不同的含义。态度与格用于发出命令、表示禁止和威胁以及表示不同意见，失望，和遗憾。研究表明，态度与格倾向于用于包含特定词位和语法形式的词汇化句法结构（集合表达），并用助词强调其功能。